tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-55209614699530293042024-03-08T11:53:02.357-08:00Writing application papersAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.comBlogger1688125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-38311464931796123732020-09-03T06:55:00.001-07:002020-09-03T06:55:04.850-07:00137 Pre-College Summer Programs for High School Students137 Pre-College Summer Programs for High School Students SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Summer programs furnish secondary school understudies with chances to investigate their scholastic advantages and flash new interests. They additionally permit secondary school understudies to experience school life and meet otherstudents from everywhere throughout the world. In this article, I'll give a rundown of 137 collegesthroughout the United States that host summer programs for secondary school understudies. Besides, I'll give you data about what pre-school summer programs resemble and how you can choose the correct program for you. What Is a Pre-College Summer Program? A pre-school summer program offers secondary school understudies the chance to take classes at a school and experience school life throughout the late spring. Most projects run from one to seven weeks in length. You can take programs that emphasis on various different subjects, such aswriting, initiative, business enterprise, and building. Many summer programs offer both private and worker choices. Understudies can remain in quarters with their friends or drive from home in the event that they live near grounds. What's more, in addition to the fact that students are ready to take classes from school teachers or visiting researchers, yet theyââ¬â¢re likewise ready to tune in to addresses from graduated class and take an interest in social exercises. Numerous specific private universities, includingStanford,Harvard, andColumbia, offer pre-school summer programs for secondary school understudies. Some pre-school summer programs are open enlistment (anybody can join in), while others require affirmation through an application procedure. The specific projects normally require instructor proposals, application papers, and state administered test scores. Check a particular program's site for its affirmation prerequisites. While these projects can be fun and instructive, the vast majority of them are costly. There are some free projects and numerous projects that offer money related guide for qualified understudies, yet summer programs regularly cost a great many dollars. Pictures of Money/Flickr How Could I Create This List of College Summer Programs for High School Students? To make the accompanying rundown of summer programs for secondary school understudies, I depended on data from Summer Program Finder, which finds different summer programs. I looked into the projects in every area of the nation and recorded the schools that host programs. Notwithstanding the recorded projects, there are summer programs for secondary school understudies that are not housed at universities. Since programs are continually advancing, note that there may be programs at universities that aren't recorded beneath. All things considered, you can alwayslook at a particular school's site to see whether it offers summer programs for secondary school understudies. Need to construct the most ideal school application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best confirmations counseling administration. We consolidate world-class confirmations instructors with our information driven, exclusive affirmations techniques. We've regulated a huge number of understudies get into their top decision schools, from state universities to the Ivy League. We realize what sorts of understudies schools need to concede. We need to get you admitted to your fantasy schools. Become familiar with PrepScholar Admissions to amplify your opportunity of getting in. Rundown of Summer Programs The following is a broad rundown of summer programs at 137 US colleges,organized one after another in order by state. Alabama School Area College of Alabama Tuscaloosa, AL Arizona School Area Arizona State University Tempe, AZ California School Area California College of the Arts Oakland, CA Loyola Marymount University Los Angeles, CA Middlebury Institute of International Studies Monterey Monterey, CA Stanford University Stanford, CA UC Berkeley Berkeley, CA UC Davis Davis, CA UCLA Los Angeles, CA UCSB Santa Clause Barbara, CA UCSD La Jolla, CA UCSF San Francisco, CA USC Los Angeles, CA Colorado School Area Johnson Wales University Denver, CO US Air Force Academy Colorado Springs, CO Connecticut School Area US Coast Guard Academy New London, CT Yale University New Haven, CT Delaware School Area Delaware State University Dover, DE Locale of Columbia School Area American University Washington, DC The Catholic University of America Washington, DC The George Washington University Washington, DC Georgetown University Washington, DC Florida School Area Johnson Wales University North Miami, FL College of Miami Coral Gables, FL Georgia School Area Emory University Atlanta, GA Georgia Tech Atlanta, GA Savannah College of Art and Design Savannah, GA Illinois School Area Northwestern University Evanston, IL College of Chicago Chicago, IL College of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL Indiana School Area Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington, IN Purdue University West Lafayette, IN Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Terre Haute, IN College of Notre Dame South Bend, IN Kentucky School Area Eastern Kentucky University Richmond, KY Maine School Area Colby College Waterville, ME College of New England Biddeford, ME Maryland School Area Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD Maryland Institute College of Art Baltimore, MD College of Maryland School Park, MD US Naval Academy Annapolis, MD Massachusetts School Area Babson College Babson Park, MA Bentley University Waltham, MA Berklee College of Music Boston, MA Boston University Boston, MA Brandeis University Waltham, MA Emerson College Boston, MA Hampshire College Amherst, MA Harvard University Cambridge, MA MIT Cambridge, MA Smith College Northampton, MA Springfield College Springfield, MA Tufts University Medford, MA Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester, MA Michigan School Area Michigan State University East Lansing, MI College of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI Minnesota School Area Carleton College Northfield, MN Missouri School Area Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO New Hampshire School Area Dartmouth College Hanover, NH New Jersey School Area Caldwell University Caldwell, NJ Centennial University Parsippany, NJ The College of New Jersey Ewing, NJ Drew University Madison, NJ Fairleigh Dickinson University Teaneck, NJ Monmouth University West Long Branch, NJ Princeton University Princeton, NJ Ramapo College Mahwah, NJ Rider University Lawrence Township, NJ Rowan University Glassboro, NJ Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, NJ New York School Area Adelphi University Nursery City, NY Alfred University Alfred, NY Barnard College New York, NY City College of New York New York, NY Columbia University New York, NY Cornell University Ithaca, NY Ithaca College Ithaca, NY Marist College Poughkeepsie, NY Benevolence College Dobbs Ferry, NY New York Institute of Technology New York, NY NYU New York, NY Parsons The New School of Design New York, NY Pratt Institute Brooklyn, NY Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, NY Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, NY The Rockefeller University New York, NY Sarah Lawrence College Bronxville, NY School of Visual Arts New York, NY Skidmore College Saratoga Springs, NY Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY SUNY Fashion Institute of Technology New York, NY SUNY Oneonta Oneonta, NY Syracuse University Syracuse, NY Association College Schenectady, NY College at Buffalo Bison, NY College of Rochester Rochester, NY US Military Academy (West Point) West Point, NY Vassar College Poughkeepsie, NY North Carolina School Area Duke University Durham, NC Johnson Wales University Charlotte, NC UNC Chapel Hill Sanctuary Hill, NC UNC Greensboro Greensboro, NC Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC Ohio School Area Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, OH Columbus College of Art and Design Columbus, OH The Ohio State University Columbus, OH Oregon School Area Lewis Clark College Portland, OR Pennsylvania School Area Bucknell University Lewisburg, PA Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA Drexel University Philadelphia, PA Gettysburg College Gettysburg, PA Lehigh University Bethlehem, PA Penn State Berks Perusing, PA Penn State New Kensington New Kensington, PA Penn State University Park State College, PA Penn State York York, PA Susquehanna University Selinsgrove, PA College of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA Rhode Island School Area Earthy colored University Provision, RI Bryant University Smithfield, RI Johnson Wales University Provision, RI South Carolina School Area Clemson University Clemson, SC South Dakota School Area South Dakota School of Mines Technology Quick City, SD Tennessee School Area Sewanee: The U Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-5997737465316147242020-08-27T19:39:00.001-07:002020-08-27T19:39:07.195-07:00Client profile Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsCustomer profile - Assignment Example I will be your essential contact during the hour of this commitment. In any occasion that you have any inquiries concerning this commitment whenever, you may either get in touch with me legitimately through my expansion or through my email address. I will send to you an estimate of the time and all out costs that this commitment may bring about, including the costs and the expenses. Generously note that this data stays just a gauge, and that it might change contingent upon the unpredictability of exercises done and time taken. I have additionally joined for your records and data one duplicate of the meeting structure. If it's not too much trouble advise me promptly regardless that any data in that is inaccurate. Bricklayer doesn't have an annuity plan. Julia has an annuity plan gave by her boss. 5% of her income go the benefits plan, and the business coordinates her commitment. Juliaââ¬â¢s plan has a reasonable order venture of half bonds and half values. Bricklayer is the planââ¬â¢s recipient. Both Mason and Julia are medium hazard speculators with little information on monetary market operations. All things considered, don't have a total speculation plan. In any case, with their benefits, Mason and Julia have embraced speculations that acquire income for them. Their speculations are okay and their profits are moderate. The family lives inside its methods, with the costs being 39.1% of the familyââ¬â¢s complete yearly salary. The sum that this family spends is underneath the normal measure of cash spent by families in Canada. In 2014, the normal pending for families with kids was at $80056 as per Statistics Canada. Artisan and Juliaââ¬â¢s family burns through $50251.2 yearly. This proportion shows that the family is set up to either subsidize itself or obtain extra assets if there should arise an occurrence of an emergency. The family has huge reserve funds and wellsprings of assets that will be significant in case of a crisis. These assets incorporate life coverage strategies, Juliaââ¬â¢s annuity plot and Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-14180047267133550782020-08-22T18:32:00.001-07:002020-08-22T18:32:37.776-07:00Changes in the Earthââ¬â¢s Atmosphere Essay ExampleChanges in the Earthââ¬â¢s Atmosphere Essay By and by, significant atmosphere changes are happening in a worldwide measure accordingly influencing numerous biological and natural conditions in the planet. The entirety of the obviously discernibly atmosphere shifts wonder in the planet can be deductively followed as impacts of the rising worldwide temperature brought by significant changes in the Earthââ¬â¢s climate. Ozone consumption brought about by climbing contamination rate brought by modern insurgency of the mankind is resolved to be the most persuasive factor for this wonder. Environmental change coming about because of a hotter Earth has been resolved to posts numerous ecological impacts. Among of these is the ascent in the worldwide water level brought about by the softening Polar Regions in view of the more sultry climatic conditions. This condition can unfavorably influence the water ebb and flow coming about to the disturbance of the equalization of new water and salt water and the conveyance of the maritime temperature. What's more, environmental and meteorological exercises in particular tropical storms, typhoons, and tornadoes are additionally influenced including the occasional changes, for example, winter, rainstorm, day off summer. The ascent in the Earthââ¬â¢s temperature and ozone consumption can likewise influence biological and ecological viewpoints. Bright radiation can harm human wellbeing through skin issue and infections, optical harm and others. Harvest yields and woods efficiency will be altogether decline since more sultry air will evaporate ranches land getting antagonistic to vegetation, modify water system frameworks, and will touch off woodland fires. The ordinary equalization of maritime biology will likewise be harm since ozone consumption will result to increment in waterââ¬â¢s temperature. This condition will prompt increment microscopic fish creation and will disturb the waterââ¬â¢s life-emotionally supportive network. Fisheries and other marine life will bite the dust because of suffocation, hot temperature, and absence of food assets. In fact, changes in Earthââ¬â¢ barometrical condition and worldwide temperature realized by ozone consumption have numerous antagonistic conseque nces for the capacity of the planet to help life and their endurance. We will compose a custom paper test on Changes in the Earthââ¬â¢s Atmosphere explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Changes in the Earthââ¬â¢s Atmosphere explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Changes in the Earthââ¬â¢s Atmosphere explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Book index Gardiner, Lisa (2004). Impacts of Climate Change Today. Windows to the Universe. College Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR). http://www.windows.ucar.edu/visit/link=/earth/atmosphere/cli_effects.html. February 17, 2007. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-82876409100122241962020-08-22T12:59:00.001-07:002020-08-22T12:59:28.662-07:00Death on a factory farm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsPassing on a production line ranch - Essay Example The whipping of an unfortunate piglets against the divider as a methods for willful extermination, tossing of the piglets by nearly hurling them over the room into the containers, to seeing impregnated plants kept down in the pens lessening their capacity to move to the severe executing of a debilitated bovine dangled from a chain of a forklift until it gagged to death are the bare truth of usage of minimal effort methods for killing in the ranch and fierce treatment of animals utilized with the end goal of food in the homesteads. Message of the Film-Maker The grim practices against animals in the ranch comprise the significant piece of the narrative followed by the preliminaries and the narrative brings three plans or issues appropriately. An intensive watch of the documentation would lead any crowd to think on the Ohio factoryââ¬â¢s unfeeling practices. It will reestablish the idea of basic entitlements and its appropriate practice and functional execution and will lead one to c onsider the US courts and the impotency of the creature government assistance laws. Willful extermination, better known by the name of kindness executing embodies the possibility of an easy demise. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-59874493555315146712020-08-21T16:14:00.001-07:002020-08-21T16:14:23.690-07:00Impact of Educational and Drug Prevention Programs Research PaperEffect of Educational and Drug Prevention Programs - Research Paper Example From the conversation it is clear thatâ community policing then again is the organization of regular citizens with the law authorities to check crimes. In this undertaking, the regular folks are key players in guaranteeing that the law is followed and play as partners of the police. This occurs at the most fundamental neighborhoods and is in this way at a little scope. The Deterrence Theory presents the thought that individuals submit to the law as a result of the dread of arraignment for inability to follow. This achieves the matter of Specific Deterrence which alludes to a wrongdoing counteraction method which works on ingraining dread on the individual accepting punishment.This study stresses thatâ the Narconon program from 1966 to the current day has assumed a job in getting individuals off medications and it has focuses in averagely 45 nations around the world. The Narconon sedate anticipation and training educational program means to deliver more hazard factors than advantage s of utilizing medications to youngsters. The motivation behind this is to incite a specific line of reason that the adolescent are expected to catch. Remembering that among the employments of medications there is the helpful perspective like fitting in with a famous group or beating timidity. This program intends to give an elective that will adequately counter the drugs.à The Narconon medicate avoidance staff can flaunt teaching a total of 5 million school going youngsters on this issue. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-52775007434848934352020-08-21T10:41:00.001-07:002020-08-21T10:41:09.137-07:00Writing Tips For Kindergarten Lineaged Writing PaperWriting Tips For Kindergarten Lineaged Writing PaperA kindergarten lined writing paper is a little bit different than your standard writing paper. This is because kindergarten students are learning to write more creatively. This creates a great opportunity for a kindergarten lined writing paper to be utilized in class and gives students an opportunity to discover their own writing style. When used in the classroom, a kindergarten lined writing paper can help kindergarten students learn to write creatively and help them develop their own style.Many kindergarten teachers do not think that the kindergarten lined writing paper can be useful to their students. They think that it is just going to be too difficult for them to do, but that is just not true. Here are some tips to make this a fun assignment for your kindergarten students.A kindergarten lined paper can be turned into a mock essay or in-class assignment. Even if your kindergarten teacher tells you that this is not the right fit for the grade level, lined paper can still be turned into a mock essay if you have the proper resources. Many writers have found this to be a great way to expose their students to good writing, and they will not get bored.Make sure that the kindergarten lined writing paper has many opportunities for students to express themselves and do their own research. This makes it a lot of fun because they are thinking and expressing themselves. This also gives them a chance to learn how to do some of the things that they will be doing in the real world.Another advantage of using a kindergarten lined paper in the classroom is that you can use it to develop a theme. Many times, a theme can be introduced in class and students will ask questions about it. This is a great way to introduce a theme to the class, and it will help them understand their role in class.The bottom line is that a kindergarten lined writing paper can help your kindergarten students do better in school. There are many ways t o use this in the classroom. Make sure that you consider all of the options that are available to you before you make a decision.The bottom line is that this is a great way to help your kindergarten students to discover their own voice. Most kindergarten teachers do not think that this is a good fit for their students, but it can be used. Students will love the creativity and the ability to express themselves.It is not hard to get your kindergarten lined writing paper to use in the classroom. This is a great way to encourage creativity and to have fun in the process. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-28517295357805182802020-06-10T10:35:00.001-07:002020-06-10T10:35:03.451-07:00What He Gave to Me I agree to this story because having someone in your life that you would do anything for on repeat, leaves a tremendous mark on you wether you realize it or not. Love is something à not everyeone gets to experiance but once you do your life changes for the better because feeling of being loved and wanted is an addicting feelings and you just want more. "Love is stong but yet it makes you feel weak". Being able to be yourself around them makes you become more yourself without you even realizing it which is a phenominal feeling. Not changing for anyone because they love you as you are as a person is something you'll ever be able to forget. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-39932562775945509752020-05-26T03:34:00.001-07:002020-05-26T03:34:03.422-07:00The First World War The Great War - 1600 Words The First World War sometimes referred to as the European War was more commonly referred to as the Great War. So much in the world was changed by this war, so it simply by most known as the Great War. ââ¬Å"It is because no other war until then had had such an impact on the world. It was the first war to affect all of the major nations of Europe and the world. It took many lives and changed the lives of millions more.â⬠(Rivera, 2014) Some countries do not refer to the war as great because they lost so much and for them there was nothing great about the war. The war was groundbreaking as nothing like it had happened before. Different countries were uniting, fighting, and making new rules as they went along. Everything during the war was on a large scale including death, weapons, people, and affects. Before World War I, airplanes had been used for exploring and transportation. During this war they were being used for dropping bombs and delivering chemical weapons such as mustard gas. The war affected future generations of people as over 40,000,000 casualties and over 20 million civilians died. By losing sons or husbands, families would be forced to move and learn a new way of life as the money makers were not around anymore. For those soldiers that watched their friends die right next to them, they would never be the same. So those that used to work in businesses with loud noises or banging machines, might be affected with flashbacks to the war as well. Man hadShow MoreRelatedThe World War II : The First Great War On Our Time917 Words à |à 4 Pages Introduction- World War 1 was the first Great War on our time. World War 1 started on the 28th of July 1914 and ended on the 11th of November, 1918. This means that this war lasted for over four years. Over 1500 days of these soldiersââ¬â¢ lives, they spend fighting. There were over 18 million people who were killed or injured during World War One. Countries involved in WW1 are listed as when they first declared war. Serbia (July 1914), Russia, France, Belgium, Great Britain, Montenegro, Japan (allRead MoreThe Guns Of August, By Barbara W. Tuchman900 Words à |à 4 Pagescauses of the first and second world war, historians believe in one main cause of the first world war, also called the Great War, and that is the assassination of the archduke of Austria named Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo. Several novels have been written regarding this Great War but one book that sparks the attention of the public some years after this war occurred is entitled The Guns of August. Its title desc ribes the insurmountable events regarding the first month of the first World War. The GunsRead MoreThe Great War : World War I894 Words à |à 4 Pages The Great War: World War I World War I, otherwise known as the Great War, began as a small battle that eventually developed into a prodigious uproar between several countries. WWIââ¬â¢s beginnings are controversial and historians throughout the world have several theories about the destructive event. Said to be one of the most disastrous and ruinous struggles between nations, The Great War lasted from July 1914 until November 1918. Referred to as a World War because of the global participation andRead MoreTrying out Weapons before World War II1063 Words à |à 4 PagesWorld War I introduced the American military to the modern industrial war. The conflict with Mexico in 1914 gave the U.S an opportunity to try new technology such as motorization and aircraft. However, this was strong a small conflict that did not translate to that of the First World War. The American military was not modern yet compared to other powers. The United States did not have great influence over the strategy among the allied forces. They relied on the allies for military equipmentRead MoreA Comparison of World War I and World War II Essay examples527 Words à |à 3 PagesA Comparison of World War I and World War II World War I and World War II, while started by much of the same worldwide tensions, had drastically different results because of the much more destructive nature of World War II. Both world wars were started, ultimately, by nationalismRead MoreIf Germany had won the First World War Essay1296 Words à |à 6 Pageswon the First World War? How would the world be different? Would the economy be the same? Would Germany be a world power? Would we have countries such as Finland or Latvia exist today? Would the United States still be a democracy? Would there have been a Second World War? The outcome of the First World War directly and indirectly effected the way we live today. This might come as a surprise to some, but Germany almost won the First World War. Germany was once very close to winning the war. TheirRead MoreThe Events Of World War II1293 Words à |à 6 PagesIt is difficult, if not impossible put the events of World War II in context without a discussion about World War I. Known at first as the Great War, the occurrences that lead up to this conflict and its happenings caused a series of events that many see led up to the start of the second World War. Although the two wars are usually seen as separate events, it is important to see the connections linking the two together. The Great War ending was one that saw Germany placed the position of sole guiltRead MoreThe Great War As Total War1081 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Great War as Total War Week 1 Assignment By: John Moore When World War I was initially called ââ¬Å"The Great Warâ⬠by the people of those times, great did not mean good. Great was the word used to show the magnitude of the war. The war was massive. It was gigantic in terms of the impact it had on literally the entire world. Only later in time would the event become known as World War I. Tensions between countries had been building across Europe. Many people thought war was inevitable. There wasRead MoreThe Great War Of Archduke Franz Ferdinand1558 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Great War, commonly known as World War 1, was a conflict between the years of 1914 to 1918, subjecting war between the Allied Powers which involved France, Russia, United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium, Serbia and the United States and the Central Powers, which consisted of Germany, Austria Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. The Great War, remarked and ranked as the most deadly conflicts that have ever to occur in human history. Military and civilian deaths and wounded individuals resulted in Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-86732930791581519192020-05-17T13:52:00.001-07:002020-05-17T13:52:20.757-07:00The Influence of Television on Human Behavior - 782 Words The role of the television is pretty simple; to entertain. Almost everyone on this planet own one or more television(s). The television as we used to know is no longer in black and white or just a tiny box but it is massively upgrading with the hi-tech today thatââ¬â¢s why we see only see the flat screen TVs now. It is almost as flat as this board. With these new modern technology, the human behavior is also rapidly changing like I previously mentioned in my first topic. The human needs and wants is basically a major issue covering our everyday life but here I am explaining it further in a ââ¬Ëmonkey see, monkey doââ¬â¢ situation which technically means what we see is what we do or a better way is copying. So within this situation, we often get influenced by the media. For instance, a zombie movie. What do we see in a zombie movie? Assassinations, survival, cool gadgets, awesome stunts and cute movie casts. So by observing the cool aspects from the movie, we would basically start picturing ourselves doing it even worse we are actually doing it by imagining everyone on earth is a zombie and youââ¬â¢d want to run around chopping their heads off. This where the human behavior really takes place. The main problem is we actually start believing in fantasies which slowly turns to reality where people might actually think youââ¬â¢re crazy. Remember when The Matrix was released? Yes, we would literally see people doing slow motion acts which was fun because it was so influential that it became aShow MoreRelatedViolence on Television Can Have Negative Effects on Children1210 Words à |à 5 Pagesrepeated violence on television desensitizes children to violence, and similarly incorrect portrayals of sex on television may contribute to adolescent sex. Violence, and sex on television negatively impacts todays youth, and adolescents. In fact, a main contributor to these negative effects on children are caused by parents. Some parents pay little to no attention to the ratings of television shows, or movies, or the amount of sex, and/or violence their child sees on television. Studies indicateRead MoreTelevisions Responsibility in Violent Children Essay1101 Words à |à 5 Pageswhether or not the violence produced in children has been influenced by his or her surroundings. Could the violence seen in television shows lead the way to these actions? With these violent situations growing we have to start looking into this issue. TV programs should be held moderately responsible for the violent actions of children because they promote negative influences. When we think of violence, we automatically picture guns and knives being used to kill people. Although this is a part ofRead MoreMy Pop Culture Research Topic1250 Words à |à 5 PagesMy Pop Culture Research Topic The research topic that I chose to work on is television. I chose this specific topic for various reasons. One reason why I decided to discuss the television subject because for one, it truly has a massive effect on the masses of people, especially when it comes to certain cultures. For instance, the black communities. Reality TV shows such as Love and Hip Hop and Basketball Wives, for example, has a huge affect on black guys and girls alike, especially black femalesRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Our Society1566 Words à |à 7 Pagesviolence in the media and does it affect our society. How we view television, has changed the world, no doubt in that. Turn your television set on and pick a channel at random; the odds are that half of the programs you come across will contain violent material. The statistics are overwhelming as I look on the internet, read articles, and look at the research. One of the things that most interests me in the violence on television, is the effects it has on children. Children learn by repetition whileRead MoreTelevision Advertising Effects1153 Words à |à 5 PagesTelevision has a tremendous impact on the American culture. Even though television has positive effects, the negative effects of television outweigh the positive effects. The majority of television watched is through advertisements. Television advertisements have a great impact on Americans, especially the youth. In fact, a young person views 40,000 television advertisements per year (Committee on Communications). Concerning a childââ¬â¢s developing cognition and social pressures, television advertisementsRead MoreReality Televisions Influence on Society794 Words à |à 3 PagesReality television tries to disguise what is really going on in the television shows. The actors and producers shine a false spotlight on ââ¬Å"realityâ⬠. ââ¬Å"Reality television is defined as a ââ¬ËTV show observing real-life situation: television programs often delib erately manufactured situations, and that monitor their emotions and behaviorââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Paredes 26). Reality television is a bad influence on our society today due to the popularity, decision making, and misconduct of the individuals shown. People in todayââ¬â¢sRead MoreEssay on Media Has a Negative Influence on Children649 Words à |à 3 Pagesviolence. Newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the internet all contain violence. Todays media has a negative influence on children. The media does have an influence on them, but does it really influence them to act out even though they know its wrong? Mass media, and its components, are very powerful and can influence ones mind, as well as their behavior. Children that imitate characters who use violence in the media and display aggressive behavior, tend to give them reason to believe thatRead MoreVisual Media s Influence On Society1661 Words à |à 7 PagesAllyson Lynn Sarah Wilson Writing 101 20 October 2015 Visual Mediaââ¬â¢s Influence on Society Information is easily accessible to Americans through the media. Americans can get this information from print, audio, visual, and online. For eight to eighteen year olds, media in some form or fashion normally takes up seven and a half hours of each day. Of those seven and a half hours, most is spent in front of the television. Along with watching TV, video games and use of computers consume an hour forRead MoreCause-and-Effect Relationship between TV Violence and Actual Crimes1755 Words à |à 7 Pagescause- and effect relationship between TV violence and actual crimes? The subject of violence and sexuality on television has remained of great concern for both liberals and conservatives, and there are advocates on both sides of the issue in each ideological camp. While some liberals bridle at any attempts to curtail speech, others are concerned about the impact that violent television viewing has upon impressionable viewers like children and are concerned about televisions possible role in creatingRead MoreTelevision And Its Effects On Children1673 Words à |à 7 PagesTelevision is one of the biggest influences in the lives of most people. People spend hours every day watching television programming, so of course this will affect their behavior. Television is like a window to the modern world. Many people view the programs that are aired on television; they can gain a lot of information and knowledge. Most programming like the National Geographic and Discovery Channels can be used as an educational tools in schools and at home to teach our childr en to learn instead Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-52090989965155980152020-05-15T10:09:00.001-07:002020-05-15T10:09:11.802-07:00The Death Penalty - 872 Words The Death Penalty Cynthia Jackson SOC 101 Introduction to Sociology Instructor: Jeanette Maxey December 20, 2010 The Death Penalty Capital punishment in the 21st century endures many inequalities and injustices. The common arguments for the death penalty are filled with inadequacies. Having the death penalty is both expensive and time consuming to sentence criminals to death. The most frequently raised argument for capital punishment is retributive. According to a recent analysis sending to a person to prison for life costs $1.1 million and sending a person to death row costs $3 million because of appeals and enhanced spending to house the individuals on death row (Schaefer). As a deterrent to crime, the death penaltyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦As for as youth offenders are concerned it would be justifiable to uphold them to the same repercussion and consequences as adults who have committed the acts of murders, raping and other crimes that hurt innocent individuals. Many of us in todayââ¬â¢s society believe that juveniles that commit a horrific crime should not receive the some punishmen ts as adults I totally disagree because any person 15 years old or older should know right from wrong. Currently, 38 States authorize the death penalty; 23 of these states permit the execution of offenders who committed capital offenses prior to their 18th birthdays. However, the laws governing application of the death penalty in those 23 states vary, and the variation is not necessarily tied to rates of juvenile crime. Since 1973, when the death penalty was reinstated, 17 men have been executed for crimes they committed as juveniles and 74 people in the United States currently sit on death row for crimes they committed as juveniles (www.ncjrs.gov). Many years have passed since the death penalty was first established and the legal courts have found many pros and cons over the issue. However we will continue to have the pros and cons over whether it should be abolished or remain legitimate. References http://www.acpp.org/jpc/issues/dpenalty.html Delia, C.. (2010). Less than We Might: Meditations on Life in Prison Without Parole. Federal Sentencing Reporter, 23(1), 10-20.Show MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words à |à 5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead MoreThe Death Penalty For Juveniles946 Words à |à 4 Pages The death penalty for minors differs greatly from the death penalty for adult. The law that minor could be put on death row was decided to rule against the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment prohibits the act of ââ¬Å"cruel and unusual punishmentâ⬠which putting minors on death row breaks. On March 4, 2005 the law that minors could not be put on death row for their actions was set into place. The new laws say, ââ¬Å"They cannot punish a minor by death penalty and they cannot punish someone for a crimeRead MorePro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words à |à 6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didnââ¬â¢t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Mandatory?925 Words à |à 4 Pagesopinions on the subject. When we were discussing the death penalty although my opinion didnââ¬â¢t change, after hearing what some of my classmates had to say about the subject during our lab I was able to respectfully see why they had those thoughts and feelings about the subject. I believe that we should have the death penalty, and that it helps prevents more crime from happening. However, during our lab students that thought we should ban the death penalty had some pretty interesting reasons behind theirRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words à |à 4 Pages In her article ââ¬Å"The Truth About The Death Penaltyâ⬠, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishmentRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Legal1805 Words à |à 8 Pagesthat we all know is the death penalty. This penalty has been going around for years. To many people it might be the best way of punishing a person. On the other hand there are people who think that if you kill a person you should be sentenced to die as well. For me I would say it might not be the best way and it not working as many would like it. When choosing if you are for the death penalty you have to okay with an insect person dyeing or even a family member being in death row. I know that is somethingRead MoreThe Death Penalty : An Effective Reliable Tool904 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe death penalty has been a frequent topic of discussion, as our recent technological advancements have evidently led individuals to consider the ââ¬Å"new foundâ⬠legitimacy of our court systems, as statistics display that our previous racial bias and the apparent morality of the practice itself have a miniscule impact on our conviction rate. Both the advancements and ethics that the death penalty provides become apparent through the utilization of anecdotes and statistics, as the death penalty has prevailedRead MoreThe Bible and Death Penalty Essay example812 Words à |à 4 Pagesa personââ¬â¢s view of the Bible influence what they think about the death penalty for murderers.â⬠I would like to see if a personââ¬â¢s view of the bible influence what they think of the death penalty. This is interesting to me because I am interested in the field of criminal justice and the death penalty is a huge topic to this day. There are many journals that talk about studies that were done on religion and views of the death penalty which have to do with my topic of interest. My hypothesis is thatRead More The Death Penalty Is Archaic and Immoral Essays559 Words à |à 3 Pages The death penalty is simply a modernized version of the Holy Bibleââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a foot for a footâ⬠. Some argue that death is a necessary retribution for murderous cases - but is it effective morally? Revenge only glorifies violence, which is most definitely not the message the world strives to display. The death penalty is a negative form of punishment and insinuates a harsh reflection of society economically, politically, and socially. Read MoreEssay on Death Penalty - Herrera vs Collins1337 Words à |à 6 PagesDeath Penalty - Herrera vs Collins The Supreme Court addressed the constitutionality of executing someone who claimed actual innocence in Herrera v. Collins (506 U.S. 390 (1993)). Although the Court left open the possibility that the Constitution bars the execution of someone who conclusively demonstrates that he or she is actually innocent, the Court noted that such cases would be very rare. The Court held that, in the absence of other constitutional violations, new evidence of innocence is no Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-32580529390536089192020-05-06T19:23:00.001-07:002020-05-06T19:23:16.542-07:00Physics Of The Solar System - 1268 Words Our solar system is home to many different types of planets and moons. These differences can vary from the elements that make up the objects to the size of them. While there are many different solar systems in the galaxy, they are unique in their own way. The main reason for the differences in the solar systems is their formation at the start of their life. Our solar system s objects contain many differences that exist because of the unique way in which our solar system formed. While there are many differences between the objects in our solar system, it is not always easy to know what they are. It has taken scientists many years and many different methods to obtain the information we have about our solar system. One method to tell theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Phoenix can analyze the saltiness, pH, and other factors that can reveal if Mars s soil could sustain life. A third source that can be used to find information about planet s is formulas. Over the years, formulas have been developed that, with the proper information, can tell scientists the density, orbital period, or even temperature of an object. Using the density of an object, scientists can infer what elements make it up, as well as the orbital period and temperature to maybe find a planet that could support life. Using information like this, scientists have guessed that Mars may have supported life at some point in its existence, but that it is very unlikely Venus has. Even though there are many differences, scientists have been able to use various methods to learn much about the objects in our solar system. In our solar system, the differences between planets and other objects mostly occur because of their formation at the birth of our solar system. Although it is very difficult to tell, most scientists believe that our solar system formed from a small chunk of an interstellar gas cloud. If true, the composition of the gas cloud would have caused the composition of our sun as well as that of other objects in our solar system. Once the sun formed, that influenced the formation of the planets. Since it was much warmer closer to the sun, only denser, metallic elements were able to condense. This warmer region is now home to the terrestrial planets, whichShow MoreRelatedThe Physics Of The Solar System1730 Words à |à 7 Pageslarge gas giant planets have extensive systems of natural satellites, including half a dozen comparable in size to Earth s Moon. The objects in the solar system are classified foremost by their dynamics and motion, while size and composition are important for secondary classification. The solar system itself is, defined by the orbits of its constituent bodies. Classification by motion is more useful for astronomers. In fact, the dynamics of the solar system were a central issue for early astronomersRead MorePhysics Of The Solar System966 Words à |à 4 Pages Final Examination In our solar system we see many characteristics be brought out by the sun and the planets. Five of the main properties that will be discussed are geology, chemical composition of the interior and atmosphere, interior structure, orbital time.speed, and distance from the Sun, and comparative planetology. Planetary geology is the study of the structure, composition, processes, and origin of major and minor planetary bodies in our solar system. The goal is to understand the originRead MoreAstronomy : The Field Of Study961 Words à |à 4 Pageswhat in the solar system, galaxy, and universe (2) â⬠¢ They study the evolution of planets and stars to more understand how our solar system works (2) â⬠¢ Astronomers study physics at work throughout space (2) â⬠¢ Astronomers study other stars and try to see what types of planets are around them (2) â⬠¢ Solar astronomers study our sun to find cycles, holes, and other things that can help us understand the sun (2) â⬠¢ Astronomers figure out the distance between our solar system and other solar systems, betweenRead MoreCopernicus s Theory Of The Planetary System Essay1025 Words à |à 5 Pagesplanetary solar system works, few natural philosophers have affected us more than Nicolaus Copernicus. Nicolaus Copernicus was a scientist who was born on February 19, 1473. Around 1508, Copernicus started to develop his own idea of the solar system. His theory stated that the Sun was the center of the universe. Before Copernicus, it was widely believed that the Earth was the center of the universe rather than the Sun. Copernicusââ¬â¢s theory stressed the idea of heliocentrism or ââ¬Å"Sun-centered systemâ⬠. AlsoRead MorePersonal Statement Of Application For Nannomaterials834 Words à |à 4 Pagesworld, especially in dye-sensitized solar cells, I joined the Department of Chemistry to do research on nanotechnology while preparing to take a Masterââ¬â¢s degree in Physics from the same unive rsity with a solid foundation in materials science, basic electronics, advanced device electronics, quantum physics, and computational physics. According to the International Energy Agencyââ¬â¢s 2015 World Energy Outlook, a complete de-carbonization of the worldââ¬â¢s energy system is needed for a sustainable developmentRead MorePhysics 11373 Words à |à 6 Pagesastronomy was widely rejected by his countrymen. His contributions to physics also place him in the ranks of the greatest scientists of all time. Without Galileoââ¬â¢s contributions to astronomy, mathematics, and physics, we would lack many basic understandings of the universe and our world. Body Galileo Galilei was the son of a musician born in Pisa, Italy in 1564. He studied medicine, but his interests laid in mathematics and physics. At age twenty-five, he became a professor of mathematics at PisaRead MoreA Brief History of Time Summary Essay1371 Words à |à 6 PagesTheoretical Physics, a modern topic of science with an extremely deterring sound and famous for being beyond complex, is a subject which cannot be explained with ease. Stephen Hawking, the most famous living scientist today, wrote A Brief History of Time in 1988, updated in 1996, in order to take upon this daunting task of explaining basic theoretical physics to a population who had previously barely studied any science. Within A Brief History of Time, Hawking touches upon seven topics in-depth whileRead MoreSylvia Gregorio Case Srtudy1278 Words à |à 6 Pagesat the Solar Section of the NFD which conducts studies on solar thermal conversion systems, photo voltaic system applications, and solar energy stora ge employing various media. Employees in the Center had a tendency to take their work not so seriously. If they belong to one section or holding office in the same group, they formed cliques and had some tendency to form exclusive group. Employees at the Solar Section on the other hand were mostly male who were engineers or Math / Physics majorRead MoreEssay On Physics Of Complex Systems722 Words à |à 3 Pagesand fascinating research areas in physics nowadays is the physics of complex systems, or the theory of complexity. There is not a single and straightforward meaning associated with this buzzword due to its vagueness and polysemy, and very often it depends on the context and the authors. Nevertheless, one of the interesting points are the tools and methods that the theory provides that can be eventually applied to many different disciplines, ranging from physics, chemistry, biology, applied sciencesRead MoreThe Theory Of The Solar System1356 Words à |à 6 Pagesthings the Solar system. From abou t the sun and how everything orbits around it from the planets and different moons. Even down to the fragments that float around in space. Each of these things is what forms our solar system. Now in earthââ¬â¢s solar system it contains the sun, eight planets which orbits the sun and 166 moons orbiting it the planets. Now you may think we already know this, but do you really know how the solar system was really made? Like why everything is circular in our solar system, or maybe Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-71194631128136730902020-05-06T16:27:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:27:35.702-07:00Essay on Milkmanââ¬â¢s Search for Identity in Song of Solomon Milkmanââ¬â¢s Search for Identity in Song of Solomon Song of Solomon tells the story of Deads unwitting search for identity. Milkman appears to be destined for a life of self-alienation and isolation because of his commitment to the materialism and the linear conception of time that are part of the legacy he receives from his father, Macon Dead. However, during a trip to his ancestral home, ââ¬Å"Milkman comes to understand his place in a cultural and familial community and to appreciate the value of conceiving of time as a cyclical processâ⬠(Smith 58). The Deads exemplify the patriarchal, nuclear family that has traditionally been a stable and critical feature not only of American society but of Western civilization inâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Pilate Dead, Macons younger sister, provides a marked contrast to her brother and his family. While Macons love of property and money determines the nature and quality of his relationships, Pilates sheer disregard for status, occupation, hygiene, and manners is accompanied by an ability to affirm spiritual values such as compassion, respect, loyalty, and generosity. Pilate introduces a quality of enchantment into the novel. The circumstances of her birth make her a character of supernatural proportions. She delivered herself at birth and was born without a navel. Her smooth stomach isolates her from society. Moreover, her physical condition symbolizes her lack of dependence on others. Her self-sufficiency and isolation prevent her from being trapped or destroyed by the extremely decaying values that threaten her brothers life. Before Milkman leaves his home in Michigan, he perceives the world in materialistic, unyielding terms that recall his fathers behavior. Indeed, the search for gold that sends him to Virginia reveals his perception that escaping from his past and his responsibilities and finding material treasure will guarantee him a sense of his own identity. Milkmans assumption that his trip south holds the key to his liberation is correct, although it is not gold that saves him. In his ancestors world, communal and mythical values prevail over individualism and materialism; when heShow MoreRelatedEssay on Song of Solomon: A Bildungsroman of Milkman 1092 Words à |à 5 PagesIt can be said that Song of Solomon is bildungsroman which is defined by The Encyclopedia Britannica as ââ¬Å"a class of novel that deals with the [coming-of-age or] formative years of an individualâ⬠. Furthermore, in a bildungsroman, a main protagonist usually undergoes some transformation after seeking truth or philosophical enlightenment. In Morrisonââ¬â¢s novel, the plot follows the main protagonist Milkman as he matures within his community while developing relationships with others and discovering hisRead MoreReview Of Charlotte Bronte s Jane Eyre 10879 Words à |à 44 Pagesmorning...I looked neither to rising sun, nor smiling sky, nor wakening nat ureâ⬠(369). The calm and clear weather parallels Janeââ¬â¢s mind after she decides to do what is best for her. When Jane arrives at Moor House, the storm represents her desperate search to find food and shelter. Characters (adjectives, quotes) Bertha Mason Insane ââ¬Å"The honeymoon over, I learned my mistake; she was only mad, and shut up in a lunatic asylumâ⬠(352). Beautiful ââ¬Å"My father said nothing about her money; but he told me Miss Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-26398725032220055422020-05-06T01:12:00.001-07:002020-05-06T01:12:17.405-07:00Dbq American Revolution Ap Us History free essay sample The uneducated masses, as viewed by the elite, didnââ¬â¢t experience a lot of change though the ideals from the revolution still guided some to seek better financial opportunities. Women, slaves, and loyalist experienced a considerable amount of change in society as women experienced more freedoms, some slaves were set free, and loyalist left America. Overall, America didnââ¬â¢t experience a lot of economic change, but it did experience, to varying degrees, political and social change. After first breaking away from Britain, Americans wanted their government to not resemble Britainââ¬â¢s at all. They did this by adopting the Articles of Confederation that had no national executive branch. However, because the government under the Articles had virtually no power because it couldnââ¬â¢t raise money through taxes, the people who led the national government realized that a more centralized government was needed. As the constitution was written and it was in the process of being ratified by all the states, the federalist papers written mostly by Alexander Hamilton were written. We will write a custom essay sample on Dbq American Revolution Ap Us History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In one paper by James Madison, he writes ââ¬Å"Ambition must be made to counteract ambitionâ⬠(Document I), which shows the concept of checks and balances could be used to keep the national government in line and not get out of control. The Constitution, finally ratified, was similar to Britainââ¬â¢s government but also different in its more active system of checks and balances. Economically, Americans did not experience a lot of change. The Philadelphia society for the promotion of agriculture in 1786, handed out a medal, which said, ââ¬Å"venerate the ploughâ⬠(Document F). This demonstrates how the elite were still ââ¬Å"rewardingâ⬠the common people who werenââ¬â¢t financially better off than before the revolution. Similarly, in Shayââ¬â¢s Rebellion farmers led by the ex-military officer ââ¬Å"[stopped] the courts of justice in several countiesâ⬠¦crying out for a paper currency, [or] for an equal distribution of powerâ⬠(Document G). Shayââ¬â¢s Rebellion represented the economic strife that the common people were enduring and ultimately rebelled against though their actions were for naught after they were disbanded. After the Revolution, women, slaves, and loyalist experienced differing degrees of change in society. Women, trained in the ideals of Republican Motherhood, to instill values of justice and liberty in their children had elevated roles during the revolution. In a woodcut of a patriot woman, a woman is depicted carrying a rifle and a gunpowder horn (Document A), representing how women played more significant roles in society by accompanying the fighting soldiers and in this case fighting alongside them in the revolution. However, all women were not content to go back to their household chores after the revolution as seen by Molly Wallace who says ââ¬Å"if [taught] to read, why not speak? â⬠(Document J), illustrating how some women wanted to further their domestic roles and play a larger role in society. However, women suffrage would not occur for about another 140 years so their change in society was low. For slaves, depending on the region, there was much change in society. After the revolution many slaves were set free in the North through it would take until the civil war for the slaves in the south to be set free. Under the Northwest Ordinance in 1787, ââ¬Å"There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in said territoryâ⬠(Document H), showing how slaveryââ¬â¢s role in society changed significantly in peoples minds to outlaw it in new territories. The Loyalist or ââ¬Å"Toriesâ⬠also experienced significant change in society. After the revolution they were despised and in Pennsylvania Packet, it is said ââ¬Å"Never let [the Tories] return to this happy landâ⬠(document B), exemplifying the hatred directed towards those who remained loyal to the British during and after the revolution. Loyalists experienced so much change in society that many left America, never to return, removing themselves altogether from the colonists as a result of the negative change. Politically Americans experienced some change by forging a new government even though they revised it in the end. Economically, the common people, who fought for better lifestyles, still lived under the heel of the elites. However a significant amount of change occurred for women, slaves and loyalist, although the loyalist position in changed in society in a very negative manner. In these ways American society experienced change in respect to political and social life, but not economically. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-79961613115178023402020-05-05T19:21:00.001-07:002020-05-05T19:21:17.726-07:00HIH Ltd On Corporate Governance Practices â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about the HIH Ltd On Corporate Governance Practices. Answer: Introduction The HIH Insurance Ltd received a provisional liquidation position in 2001, March 15th. It was liquidated due to its inability to pay debts amounting between the range of AU$3.6 billion and AU$5.3 billion (Parker, 2005). The collapse of HIH group came as a shock to the Australian people, and it was registered as the biggest financial collapse ever in the corporate history of Australia. The demise of HIH was primarily connected to inadequate and poor corporate governance practices. Corporate governance usually involves a framework of rules, processes, systems, and relationships within as well as by which authority is controlled and exercised in corporations (Lipton, 2003). This paper discusses the HIH Insurance Ltd failure regarding the corporate governance practices. HIH failure to adhere to the existing legal and accounting standards Despite HIH having demonstrated a conservative corporate culture, it expressed governance deficiencies (Hill Yablon, 2002) that saw it collapse to the surprise of many. The company did not adhere fully to the set legal and accounting standards. Many of its directors were banned from the company for significant terms, and some of them had to part with a substantial financial penalty. They breached their duties and did not adhere to set out rules and regulations according to the Corporations Act (Allan, 2006). The company majored more at maximizing profit at the expense of adhering and implementing the standard corporate governance procedures. The company is known to dishonor the set-out procedures and implemented the undesirable corporate governance practices which led to its collapse. The audit report The HIH audit analysis was characterized by a continual financial depressing scenario. The corporate governance model practice and setting implemented by the HIH was questionable (Jones, 2011). The Anderson Accounting Firm being the main auditor at the moment as well as the external advisor, failed to obtain sufficient audit evidence. Considerable adjustments could have been made to the accounting process especially concerning a particular matter being the subject of the inquiry. Poor cash auditing, inferior finance resource management, and poor operational and financial activities played a huge role in the collapse of the HIH (Carnegie OConnell, 2014). The audit committee of the HIH was concerned mainly with financial affairs of the company such as the accounting policies, audit issues, and performance standards. However, their structure of the board of directors did not tally with the recommendation of the Australian Security Exchange (ASX) best practice, and this made the corpora te governance of the HIH to have some flaws. Internal organizational practices The HIH in its operations implemented the under-reserve policy in line with the estimated future claims. It failed to implement the prudent margin set by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) which saw the company make continuous losses for successive periods, especially regarding the underwriting process. The organization practices and systems of the HIH were poor, and they lacked frequent monitoring (Leung et al., 2009). The failure was more related to such cases as compared to the widespread fraud. The management failed to disclose the financial position of the company, and therefore, the whole process of managing the company was built on undesirable corporate governance practices. The internal systems and processes of the company as well lacked integrity and accountability. The culture of the HIH Ltd as presented by the Royal Commission was that the decisions of the top leaders were not to be questioned at any instance (Westfield, 2003). This affected largely thei r operations since even in those moments that their decisions and actions breached the law of the commonwealth as well as other regulatory policies, they could not be questioned. Regulatory authorities The main regulatory authority that was concerned with the working of HIH was the HIH Royal Commission. It investigated the underwriting performance in relation to the risk pricing ability. The HIH employed the under-reserve policy as directed by the CEO then, Ray Williams. They did not follow the APRA in setting the prudential margin (Psaros, 2008). The ASX Corporate Governance Council as well was concerned with how the HIH employed the corporate governance practice. It gave the best practice recommendations which would increase integrity, efficiency, and quality of the company. The Board of Directors (BOD) structure of HIH was not effective and therefore, by implementing the ASX rules and restructuring the BOD, then, more value would be added to the companys activities, integrity in financial reporting enhanced as well as balanced and accurate disclosures ensured (Clarke, 2007). Avoiding significant disparities especially in control mechanisms and the quality of the managerial overs ight in boardrooms, helps enhance implementation of the corporate governance practices. Policies followed by the HIH group in relation to internal financial reports The accounting practices of the HIH was considered as aggressive and complex. Before it was liquidated, it used to acquire several other companies which led it to the path of insolvency. In the year 2000, the Anderson report indicated the company had assets of $939 million in approximation (Mirshekary et al., 2005). However, the inadequacy of independence among the directors and auditors affected their operations immensely. The management as well did not enforce or monitor the due diligence practices effectively. For many times it implemented incorrect accounting policies, particularly for the financial reinsurance contracts. With many under-reserving liabilities especially in the operations of the United States and the United Kingdom as well as in the Fai, its clear the policies of HIH were not effective. Despite the fact that HIH employed the model of corporate governance, the board misunderstood the appropriate business and long-term strategies that made them lose many opportuniti es (Clarke et al., 2003). The HIH as well could not control the internal processes and systems and therefore, this lead to the failure of the internal processes. Performance indicators signifying compliance The HIH practice of corporate governance involved various old features. The dearth of some recorded and defined guidelines and policies, the absence of the independent critical analysis of the financial reports, and failure of resolving the conflict of interests among the BOD are some of the policies the HIH employed in its operations (Buchanan et al., 2003). The HIH had a reputation of aggressive pricing in the market to win business. It wrote volatile classes such as professional indemnity, inward treaty reinsurance, and public liability. It expanded to other unchartered areas like film financing, marine reinsurance, and Taiwanese military accident cover and much more. HIH kept on expanding but it did not put into consideration the corporate regulations and also it operated with limited financial due diligence. The company did not clearly define the key performance indicators of the executives and the BOD (Kang et al., 2007). It did not as well perform an independent review of the internal firms structure. For the company, therefore, to improve its performance, it was necessary to stop overregulating responsibilities using a compliance-driven approach as well as focus on the best practice framework and compliance to achieve the best results. Significance of information technology Information technology plays a huge role in ensuring the success of a company. For insurance companies, for instance, the effectiveness of the accounting and audit report will rely on the information technology systems in use. Audit deficiencies that the HIH majorly faced can be traced back to their technology systems (Ali Green, 2009). Information technology, on the other hand, can be used to facilitate frauds and override the management controls. Appropriate information technology systems can enhance lack of accountability experienced by HIH and which is key in corporate governance. Reporting plans The APRA sets out a prudential supervision framework for every insurance company. It includes the improved disclosure of the financial reports, quarterly audit arrangements, covering of the consolidated groups, and strengthening of the governance, supervisory, and actuarial arrangements. HIH company did not follow these guidelines, and there were significant breaches. The financial disclosure was not done in time and did not follow the ASX recommendations (Mardjono, 2005). Also, the audit report focused more on the operational and bottom line as opposed to risk management. Main failures and recommendations There were three main processes that aided the failure and collapse of HIH. Ineffective corporate governance practice had the most weight in facilitating the collapse of the HIH group. It is important to follow the set-out procedures by the corporate society and also the government. The firm also had inferior risk management practices (Brown et al., 2009). For every firm to be successful, it needs to put the appropriate strategies in place to deal with any unlikely outcome of a risk. Risk management strategies are essential for the survival of a company in times of crises. Lastly, the audit performed by the Anderson Accounting Firm was questionable. Proper auditing is vital in ensuring all aspects of the business are taken care off. Failure to which the company will encounter loses and eventually run bankrupt. Performing full audit of the company yearly and in detail can help detect areas that need improvement and hence prevent any possible failure (Council, 2007). It is also importa nt to implement appropriate risk management strategies and also comply with the corporate governance requirements. Conclusion Corporate governance influences how a company sets its objectives, monitors and assess risks, and optimizes the performance. Effective structures for corporate governance normally helps companies to create value through innovation, entrepreneurialism, exploration, development, and accountability. HIH failure to adhere fully to the corporate governance regulations affected its operations and eventually led to its demise (Clarke, 2004). It, therefore, becomes crucial for every organization to comply with the corporate governance requirements processes for corporate governance adherence and avoid conflict of interests. References Ali, S., Green, P. (2009). IT governance mechanisms in public sector organizations: An Australian context. Handbook of Research on Information Management and the Global Landscape, 458-478. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=hih+collapse+corporate+governanceoq=HIH++collapse Allan, G. (2006). The HIH collapse: A costly catalyst for reform. Deakin L. Rev., 11, 137. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=Allan%2C+G.+%282006%29.+The+HIH+collapse%3A+A+costly+catalyst+for+reform.+Deakin+L.+Rev.%2C+11%2C+137.btnG= Brown, I., Steen, A., Foreman, J. (2009). Risk management in corporate governance: A review and proposal. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 17(5), 546-558. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=HIH+insurance+Ltd+collapse+in+corporate+governancebtnG= Buchanan, B., Arnold, T., Nail, L. (2003). Beware of the ides of March: The demise of HIH Insurance. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=The+collapse+of+HIH+insurance+Ltd+btnG= Carnegie, G. D., OConnell, B. T. (2014). A longitudinal study of the interplay of corporate collapse, accounting failure and governance change in Australia: Early 1890s to early 2000s. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 25(6), 446-468. Clarke, F., Dean, G., Oliver, K. (2003). Corporate collapse: accounting, regulatory and ethical failure. Cambridge University Press. https://scholar.google.co Clarke, T. (2004). Cycles of Crisis and Regulation: the enduring agency and stewardship problems of corporate governance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 12(2), 153-161. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=hih+collapse+corporate+governanceoq=HIH++collapse Clarke, T. (2007). International corporate governance: A comparative approach. Routledge. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=Clarke%2C+T.+%282007%29.+International+corporate+governance%3A+A+comparative+approach.+Routledge.btnG= Council, A. C. G. (2007). Corporate governance principles and recommendations. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=Council%2C+A.+C.+G.+%282007%29.+Corporate+governance+principles+and+recommendations.btnG= Hill, J., Yablon, C. M. (2002). Corporate governance and executive remuneration: Rediscovering managerial positional conflict. UNSWLJ, 25, 294. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=HIH+insurance+Ltd+collapse+in+corporate+governancebtnG= Jones, M. (Ed.). (2011). Creative accounting, fraud and international accounting scandals. John Wiley Sons. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=hih+collapse+corporate+governanceoq=HIH++collapse Kang, H., Cheng, M., Gray, S. J. (2007). Corporate governance and board composition: Diversity and independence of Australian boards. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 15(2), 194-207. Lipton, P. (2003). The demise of HIH: corporate governance lessons. Keeping good companies, 55(5), 273. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=hih+collapse+corporate+governanceoq=HIH++collapse Leung, P., Coram, P., Cooper, B., Richardson, P. (2009). Modern Auditing and Assurance Services, (4e). John Wiley and Sons, Australia. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=HIH+insurance+Ltd+collapse+in+corporate+governancebtnG= Mardjono, A. (2005). A tale of corporate governance: lessons why firms fail. Managerial Auditing Journal, 20(3), 272-283. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=Mardjono%2C+A.+%282005%29.+A+tale+of+corporate+governance%3A+lessons+why+firms+fail.+Managerial+Auditing+Journal%2C+20%283%29%2C+272-283.btnG= Mirshekary, S., Yaftian, A. M., Cross, D. (2005). Australian corporate collapse: The case of HIH Insurance. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 9(3), 249-258. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=The+collapse+of+HIH+insurance+Ltd+btnG= Parker, L. D. (2005). Corporate governance crisis down under: post-Enron accounting education and research inertia. European Accounting Review, 14(2), 383-394. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=hih+collapse+corporate+governanceoq=HIH++collapse Psaros, J. (2008). Australian corporate governance: A review and analysis of key issues. Pearson Higher Education AU. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=hih+collapse+corporate+governanceoq=HIH++collapse Westfield, M. (2003). HIH: Inside the Story of Australia's Biggest Corporate Collapse. Wiley. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0%2C5q=Westfield%2C+M.+%282003%29.+HIH%3A+Inside+the+Story+of+Australia%27s+Biggest+Corporate+Collapse.+Wiley.btnG= Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-86983282068957708302020-04-17T03:53:00.001-07:002020-04-17T03:53:04.793-07:00Five People You Meet in Heaven Essay TopicsFive People You Meet in Heaven Essay TopicsWhen students are first starting out on their theology degree, they tend to need a list of the five people you meet in heaven. The reason for this is because it helps them to find out how to research topics and prepare their essays for exams. The list will help them write down their interests so that they can begin to brainstorm about the people they've met.If you've ever met anybody who has enjoyed a personal relationship with Jesus Christ, then you already know what they were talking about. In fact, you could say that it is all of the same religion.The fact is that people who love the Lord will know the importance of their relationship with Him. But the kind of love is the kind that comes from within and is not based on outside influences. This type of love will be purely internal, which is one of the reasons why the five people you meet in heaven can have anything from a love relationship with God to having a regular meeting up. It's all up to you.One of the questions students need to ask themselves is whether their love for God is strong enough to stay on the path and not stray off. Some people who are looking for topics can even ask themselves if they have a greater love for Him than their family.Even when it comes to individual circumstance, it's no mystery that some will gravitate towards the Lord while others will simply cling to their relationships. Those who really want to find God should search for the best possible opportunities to do so. A lot of the time, finding God can be hard work.A lot of students take their education opportunity for granted. As you might expect, you'll be amazed at how many times you might have accepted the offer to take an AP History class without thinking about it carefully. You might be tempted to take the course because you like the person or the professor who teaches it.And yet, most people don't even seem to think about how hard it is to remain active in the Church when they ha ve a very busy schedule. The same goes for those who have not developed their personal relationship with Christ. Sometimes, it seems as though there is nothing more to do than to go to Church and believe that things will be alright.It's easy to become tempted by different temptations and opportunities, but it's important to remember that there are a number of different ways to grow your relationship with God. Taking this to heart will help you put your life into a perspective that will allow you to succeed in whatever you do. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-77356886294423840582020-04-14T05:09:00.001-07:002020-04-14T05:09:03.802-07:00How to Make Your Essay Writer QuickHow to Make Your Essay Writer QuickA great essay writer must have the ability to make the reader go from one topic to another, be able to organize the topics and sections and to give them proper introduction and conclusion. But it is not enough to just write an essay. Your essay needs to be polished and in order to help you achieve this goal, there are some things that you need to do.Be sure to check your style. You want to make sure that you use a well-defined style that you and your classmates and colleagues will be able to identify with. However, if you will be submitting your essays to a literary journal or other similar environment, you need to make sure that you will be able to convince the editor to publish your essay.Be ready to change your style depending on the audience. If you are writing for the school paper, you can be more specific in your grammar and spellings and you will probably be focused on the exact language that your audience needs. The same applies when you are writing for an essay for university. The basic structure of your paper will probably be the same but you will find that you can modify your style and get a different type of response because of it.An outline is very important for a writer. It can be very helpful in organizing your thoughts and ideas so that you will know where to put them in the body of your essay. Write down the main points you want to emphasize as well as the other information that you want to include in your essay. In the body of your essay, you can begin to draw the story of your thoughts or ideas. Once you have an outline, you will be able to see the next step in terms of writing.Summarize. If you want to make your essay much shorter, it is advisable to use the word 'summarize' instead of 'end summary'. Summarizing helps make your essay shorter but if you do it too quickly, you will get into trouble when you try to add the summary to your essay.Be creative. Make sure you use a variety of styles and words to ma ke your essay unique. You don't have to stick to a single type of writing. Sometimes, it is good to mix up styles so that your essay becomes interesting and captivating.Also, be sure to include all the details of your student's life. You need to take your readers through his or her life, his or her experiences, his or her dreams and desires. You may have specific stories about each of these areas to help you in your essay. Also, try to bring up your students' issues and problems so that you can make your essay more personal.By following these tips, you will be able to make your essay writer quick. This will also allow you to write an effective and well-written essay. With a little practice, you will be able to make your writing even more effective and focused. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-1093667571671007622020-04-13T07:00:00.001-07:002020-04-13T07:00:03.123-07:00Kimono Art in Traditional Japanese Clothing Kimono is traditional Japanese clothing worn by men, women, and children. Generally, the Kimonos are straight-lined, T-shaped robes worn in such a way that the turn-up falls to the ankle (Dalby 93). It has attachments of long, wide sleeves and a collar.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Kimono Art in Traditional Japanese Clothing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Kimonos are put on by wrapping them around the body. The left is placed over the right part. During ceremonies like burial, the Kimonos are put on in reversed order. There is traditional footwear that completes the Kimono attire. This footwear is called Zori accompanied with special socks called the Tabi. The Kimonos were introduced in the Japanese culture during the Heian period (794-1192). Before this period, the Japanese people wore different attires like the ensembles, which had separate lower and upper garments. The lower garments consiste d of skirts and trousers (Fujisawa, Sano, Woodson, and Kawakami 199-216). The Japanese also wore full garments. The Kimono technique was developed and advanced during the Heian period. These types of clothingââ¬â¢s became famous amongst the Japanese people because the design was very flexible. These cloths ended up becoming their identity. The Kimono was designed to fit on any body shape. This clothing was easy to put on and could be used for any weather conditions. As time went by the Japanese people accepted and embraced the Kimonos as part of their cultural attire (Fujisawa et al. 169). The Kimonos designs were advanced with inputting different colours. The Japanese people developed colour sensitivity especially colour combination. During these times is when the colour combination developed as a Japanese tradition (Gluckman and Takeda 199). The Kamakure and the Muromachi period (1192- 1573) were the times where both genders started putting on Kimonos that were brightly colored (Fujisawa et al. 320). The traditional warriors at these times wore Kimonos with colours identical to their leaders. During war, the battlefield appeared like Kimonos fashion show. At the times when the Tokugawa clan ruled over Japan, the Edo period (1603-1868), the country had domain divisions headed by the lords. The Samurais from different domains were identified using different colours of their uniforms (Fujisawa et al. 143). The Kimono makers improved in their designs due to increased usage of the Kimonos, and increased varieties demands. Eventually, the Kimono making advanced and became an art. These made the Kimonos to be very valuable and were handed down the family lane.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Western influence became significant in Japan after the year 1868, commonly known as the Meiji period. The government of the time agitated for westernization, where the Japanese people were to adopt western culture including the western attire. Government officials including the military were to put on special western attire. This was a requirement by the law, which is no longer in effect today (Fujisawa et al. 218). There are four major seasons in Japan, which have specific clothingââ¬â¢s. The Japanese people also put on different cloths during different stages of development, from childhood to adulthood. Therefore, the Kimonos are normally chosen to suit both the occasion and the season (Dalby 189). It was a Japanese ritual for a childââ¬â¢s birth to be reported in the shrine a hundred days from when the child was born. This required specific Kimono attire. During this time, the child was dressed in white colored Kimono as the inner clothing. On top of the Kimono, a black-colored Kimono incorporated with the familyââ¬â¢s crest was added for a boy child. For a girl child, they used a brightly colored Kimono that was Yuzen- dyed. The children also put on a special Kimono at the age of 7 years during a special event known as the Shichi-Go-San. This occasion was to thank the gods for keeping the children healthy up to then (Yamanaka 78). The Japanese celebrated transition from childhood to adulthood at the age of 20 years. During this occasion, the girls wore long Kimonos, the Furisode. These Kimonos are only worn by girls that are not yet married (Liddell 332). During weddings, the bride is normally dressed in a white Kimono, the Shiromuku, signifying the start of a journey. Married women put on Kimonos with short sleeved flays, the Tomesode. The Tomesode came with a variety of colours excluding white. During formal occasions, the black Tomesode was used. The Kimono designs are diverse ranging from simple single colored to complex multicolored designs. These designs are mostly imaginative accorded, based on the Japanese cultural beliefs (Yamanaka 67). The artists employed needlework in creating several opule nt effects. This was common on the wedding Kimono. Several motifs are currently present including the three dimensions. Some special Kimonos are woven with silver and gold threads. These metallic threads are attached to the fabric in a special traditional way. A technique where metallic threads are included on the garment is called Shusu amongst the Japanese people. This can well be illustrated by the figure below. Figure 1: gold metallic threadsAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Kimono Art in Traditional Japanese Clothing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Source: http://www.marlamallett.com/k_design.htm The garments ere dyed in a special way known as the Yuzen Resist dying. This technique was invented in the 17th century (Yamanaka 192). This resist dying was made from a mixture of soybeans and rice paste. This paste was used to paint special features on the clothing by protecting the areas from being in filtrated with the dye. Such motifs are made using hand painting. The other most common design is the Katazome fabrics. Stencils are included during their production. The special rice paste or wax is also used in designing of these garments. The Surihaku is another special design among the Kimono (Yamanaka 49). It contains special features such as colored dyes, metallic foil, and the use of the rice paste in designing of special features. The figure below can be used as an illustration of this design (Liddell 101). Figure 2: the Surihaku Source: http://www.marlamallett.com/k_design.htm Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other designed have been incorporated into the Kimono art. Some of them include the Shibori, Kasuri, Sumi, and figured weaves. The Japanese culture is one of the Asian cultures that survived into the modern world. The Kimono is one of the important traditional Japanese cloths that are endowed with rich cultural heritage (Dalby 455). It is religious attire as well as being used during special national events in Japan. Currently although there is reduced usage of this attire due to modernization, a good number of Japanese people still use these designs. Modern designers in Japan have included the knowledge of these designs in production of their cloth lines. Modernization of this art has taken place allowing the inclusion of inner trousers for women in the Kimono. In the modern world, the Kimono designs are used for making wedding dresses and the Yukuta, which is a special cotton Kimono designed clothing (Liddell 223). It is an important Japanese national attire. Most people in Japan consider the Kimono as historical attire. This has made its use to diminish significantly in the modern Japan society. Western influence has also helped in diminishing the strong influence the Kimono art had to the Japanese people. However, a very rich and very complex art that is not fully exploited in the modern Japan (Yamanaka 356). The study of the Kimono reveals a very reach cultural heritage amongst the Japanese people. It is a reflection of artistic observational nature (Liddell 215). Artists used the garment to pass a message about contradictory cultural practices. Works Cited Dalby, L. C. Kimono: Fashioning Culture. New Haven, CT: Yale, UP, 1993. Print. Fujisawa, N., Sano E., Woodson Y., and Kawakami S. Four Centuries of Fashion:à Classical Kimono from the Kyoto National Museum. San Francisco, CA: Arcadia, 1997. Print. Gluckman, D. C., and Takeda S. S. When Art Became Fashion: Kosode in Edo-Period Japan. New York, NY: Weatherhill, 1992. Print. Liddell, J. The Story of th e Kimono. New York, NY: E.P. Dutton, 1989. Print. Yamanaka, N. The Book of Kimono: The Complete Guide to Style and Wear. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1982. Print. This research paper on Kimono Art in Traditional Japanese Clothing was written and submitted by user Regan K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-12351397504393810882020-04-12T04:31:00.001-07:002020-04-12T04:31:03.557-07:00College Composition Introduction Definition EssayCollege Composition Introduction Definition EssayThe College Composition Introduction Definition Essay is one of the most popular student papers for college admissions. It is extremely common in various colleges and universities.In the College Composition Introduction Definition, you are required to identify a problem or a subject that you would like to study. You should include several types of questions with the subject. First of all, you must include the variety of writing you have already done. You should also include the kinds of questions you have asked.As the College Composition Introduction Definition, you need to use both an outline and a story as the basis of your essay. This will help you in answering the purpose of writing the essay in the first place.In this particular essay, you are required to give your opinion on the problems you want to solve. You should start with the title of the paper and then proceed to the reasoning behind it.The College Composition Introduction Definition includes a lot of information. Therefore, you should consider all the information you have and work from it. When you are compiling the information about a problem or a subject, it would be better if you keep your topics brief.You can use the method of enumeration for the College Composition Introduction Definition. However, it would be better if you would do the problem solving step by step and write the solution for it in an essay.You should consider the topic when you ask questions. You may not be familiar with the subject but at least you will have an idea about it.Writing the College Composition Introduction Definition is very simple but it requires some fine tuning. However, if you are willing to do it, you can go ahead with it. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-9155570143232942592020-04-10T03:53:00.001-07:002020-04-10T03:53:04.296-07:00A Sample Research Paper For College EssayA Sample Research Paper For College EssayIf you are planning to get a college degree, you will surely need a sample research paper for a college essay. Writing research papers is not easy and requires great attention and concentration. You need to prepare a good study guide, study materials, research report and a writing sample.When you do not have a good research sample, there are other ways to help you with your research papers. First of all, it is good to know your writing skills. It is much better if you can write well in a topic that you know well.When writing a research paper for college essay, you will also need to look at the sample research paper. The research paper is the basis for how well you can write the essay. So, if you are not sure of your writing skills, find a good research paper. It is more likely that a college professor or teacher will give you a hard time on your work if you are not able to write a good research paper.Remember that research paper for college es say is the foundation for other parts of your study so make sure that the research paper is something that you can produce. Look for samples that are suitable for your topic and write about the research paper, topics that interests you, as much as possible.Once you have your research paper for college essay, start studying and looking at some of the previous research papers to find out what are the best examples. Research papers can also be an advantage in preparing for exams. There are many examples that have been published in the academic journals. You can also consult those journals for other relevant articles on the same topic.Do not just copy the research paper that you like; do a personal study of the writing style used in the article. When you have an idea about the way of writing, you can go back to the research paper and see if it fits with your own style. This can help you in improving your writing skills.Remember that a research paper for college essay is not just a study guide, but also a creative introduction to the topic. This article has given you the basic idea about research papers for college essay. Use this information and try your hand at your own research papers for college essay. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-63288307341301318292020-03-11T08:27:00.001-07:002020-03-11T08:27:04.643-07:00Teenage Pregnancy Essay ExampleTeenage Pregnancy Essay Example Teenage Pregnancy Essay Teenage Pregnancy Essay as seen in Table 1. Thus, it appears that although a smaller percentage of teen-aged women plan their pregnancy than older women, for a substantial percentage (42. 6%) the pregnancy is unintended but not unwanted. Conceptualising and defining unplanned, unintended and unwanted pregnancies can be complex.A relatively reliable indicator of the unwantedness of a pregnancy (for whatever reason) is termination of pregnancy (TOP). Buchmann, Mensah and Pillay (2002) found the following age-related TOP rates at a hospital in Soweto, as measured over an eight-week period: 13 to16 years: 23% 17 to19 years: 14. 9% 20 to 34 years: 12. 7% 35+ years: 16. 2%. According to these statistics, more young teen-aged women have unwanted pregnancies than do older women. Low rates of termination of pregnancy (3%) were reported in the national household survey (Pettifor et al. 2005). This low level of reportage may, however, have to do with the stigma attached to termination of pregnancy. POTENTIAL CONSEQUE NCES The disruption of schooling The relationship between early pregnancy and school disruption is complicated. Data presented in Macleod (1999a) indicated that many young women who became mothers in fact left school before pregnancy. More recently, 20. 6% of the pregnant teenagers in the survey conducted by Manzini (2001) in KwaZulu-Natal had left school prior to conceiving.The 2003 General Household Survey statistics indicate that of all the females who had dropped out of school, only 13% cited pregnancy as a reason (Crouch, 2005). Nevertheless, this is higher than the 10. 3% in the household survey conducted amongst urban black youth by Richter (1996), prior to the introduction of the Schools Act, which prevents discrimination against pregnant learners. For those who leave because of pregnancy, a significant new factor may be the Department of Education? s (2007) guidelines entitled ââ¬Å¾Measures for the Prevention and Management of Learner Pregnancy? hat makes it possible for educators to ââ¬Å¾request? that learners take a leave of absence of up to two years. There are thus numerous factors, besides pregnancy, that lead to school leaving. Some of the major reasons for leaving school before the end of Grade 12 include poverty, frustration associated with the inexperience of teachers, a lack of relevance of the curriculum and teaching materials, the absence of parents at home, and the need to care for siblings or sick family members (Human Sciences Research Council, 2007).Biddecom and Bakilana? s (2003) investigation of the transition to adulthood through significant events in young people? s lives (first sex, stopping school, pregnancy, birth and union) provides a glimpse into the complexity of the sequencing of these events. The researchers conclude that adolescents seldom experience all five events during their teenage years, and that there is ââ¬Å"more disorder than order in terms of the variety of combinations and chronological sequences of import ant social and family formation transitionsâ⬠(p. 15).Studies reviewed in Macleod (1999a) indicated that a substantial minority of pregnant or mothering young women did not plan to return to school. More recent evidence gives a better picture of actual returns (as opposed to plans to return). Manzini (2001) found that 48% of young women who left school because of pregnancy returned to school. The major reason cited for not returning to school was the need to care for the child. In the survey by Grant and Hallman (2006) 29% of the 14-19 year-old women and 52% of the 20-24 year-old women who had dropped out of school had returned.With every year that passes the chance of a return to school diminishes, with very little chance of return after four years (Grant Hallman, 2006). Various reasons for drop-out and return have been explored. Lloyd (2005) ascribes the drop-out rates to the child support grants (see later discussion of the controversy regarding this). Grant and Hallman (20 06) found that prior poor school performance (e. g. non-pregnancy-related repetition of grades) and having to be the primary caregiver for the child are strongly associated with the likelihood of dropping out when pregnant.In terms of returning to school, Kaufman, De Wet and Stadler (2000) suggest that the increased bride price that accompanies higher educational status is a motivating factor for parental support in this regard. Grant and Hallman? s (2006) data suggest that young women are more likely to return to school if they have never repeated a grade or withdrawn temporarily from school before, and if they live with an adult female. The presence of older female relatives allows a young mother to relinquish domestic duties to older women and return to school.Young women who marry and move to their husband? s household may, however, have increased domestic responsibilities and there may be less support for their continued education (Matthews, et al. , 2008). Grant and Hallman? s (2006) study debunks the frequently made assumption that, were young women not to conceive, they would continue their education. They discuss the concept of disengagement from school in which young women perceive few opportunities emerging from participating in education.If there is little incentive to participate in school, there is also little incentive to avoid pregnancy. For some young women it is a rational option to leave an unsatisfactory situation at school for the role of motherhood. It is possible, however, that not only school engagement but also school attendance is a protective factor against teen pregnancy. Harrison (2008) argues that school leaving, either through dropout or completion, represents a significant change in the life circumsta nces of young women.This is supported by statistics that indicate that there is an increase in pregnancy and HIV infection after school leaving, with the proportion of 17-18 year-olds who have been pregnant being nearly four times that of 16- year-olds. Early reproduction and health The studies cited in Macleod (1999a) that had a health focus tried to tease out the obstetric outcomes of early pregnancy. Some of these studies showed increased risks, while others ascribed the risk to socio-economic status or poor antenatal care. We failed to locate any recent South African research on the obstetric outcomes of early pregnancy.Instead the focus has shifted to concerns over the increased risk for young women in terms of contracting HIV (Jewkes, Vundule, Maforah Jordaan, 2001) and the level of antenatal care young pregnant women receive. According to the 2003 SADHS, compared to pregnant women 20 to 34 years old, pregnant women under the age of 20 are more likely to receive care from a nurse or midwife than from a doctor and are more likely not to receive care at all. The components of antenatal care also reflect less adequate antenatal care for younger women compared to women in the age category of 20 to 34 years .They are less likely to be informed of the signs of pregnancy complications, to have their weight, height and blood pressure measured, to have urine and blood samples taken or to receive iron supplements. Many young women report for antenatal testing only in their second or third trimester. This should be seen in the light of the finding that late presentation for pregnancy care is a general and persistent problem in South Africa (Myer Harrison, 2003). In addition, taboos associated with teenage sexual activity, denial of paternity by a male partner and lack of nowledge regarding the importance of antenatal consultations may be reasons for late attendance (Phafoli, Van Aswegen Alberts, 2007). Women who have accessed urine pregnancy testing tend to seek care up to four weeks earlier than those who have not. Barriers to young women accessing urine pregnancy testing within the public health sector include ignorance of protocols on the part of service providers and a negative attitud e to providing pregnancy tests for teenagers on the basis that this encourages them to be sexually active (Morroni Moodley, 2006). The outcomes of early reproduction for childrenResearch reviewed in Macleod (1999a) pointed to inadequate mothering, neglect, maltreatment and abuse as consequences of early childbearing. The concern about whether these effects were owing to the age of the mother or constraints imposed by poverty were raised. Interestingly, we were not able to locate any recent research that spoke to the issue of mothering or neglect/abuse. Data, albeit contradictory (see below), is, however, available on mortality rates. The 2003 SADHS is inconsistent in terms of its reportage of mortality rates by age of mother. Table 2 below contains figures featured in Table 6. of the 2003 SADHS. (Neonatal mortality is the probability of dying within the first month of life; post-neonatal mortality is the difference between infant and neonatal mortality; infant mortality is the prob ability of dying in the first year of life; child mortality is the probability of dying between exact age one and five; under-five mortality is the probability of dying between birth and exact age five). Data in the table indicate that, on all indices, children born to mothers below the age of 20 have a lower mortality rate than those born to women between the ages of 20 and 39 years.However, the text below this table in the 2003 SADHS states that, ââ¬Å"The relationship between maternal age and child mortality shows the expected U-shape with women younger than 20 years having higher infant and under-five mortality rates than women between 20 and 40 years of age. â⬠This appears to be in direct contradiction to the figures presented. It is not clear which of these (the figures or the statement) is accurate. The conditions that most frequently account for infant deaths are complications in the perinatal period (22%) and low birth weight 20%). Although it is possible that these conditions are more pronounced for young women who give birth, further clarification of the above contradictory data is required. Welfare concerns ââ¬â the child support grant Macleod (1999a) reported that concerns around welfare dependency were a feature of the Euro-American, but not the South African, literature on teen-aged pregnancy. This is no longer true. With the introduction of the child support grant (CSG), research on the possibility of the CSG acting as a ââ¬Å¾perverse incentive? as been conducted. The popular concern, as raised in the South African media, that young women are deliberately conceiving in order to access the CSG is supported, to a certain extent, by the PPASA (2003) survey in which it was found that 12. 1% of pregnant teen-aged women who had deliberately conceived cited the CSG as the reason. However, other research (Department of Social Development, 2006; Makiwane Udjo, 2006) concludes that there is no evidence that the CSG leads to a ââ¬Å¾pervers e incentive? to conceive.These authors base their conclusion on the following: (1) early fertility decreased after the introduction of the CSG; (2) only 20% of teen-aged mothers are beneficiaries of these grants; (3) older female relatives who take over care of the child are often beneficiaries rather than the teen-aged mothers; (4) of those who would qualify for the grant, the proportion of teen-aged mothers taking them up is considerably lower than those in older age groups; and (5) during the period in which the CSG has been offered, rates of termination of pregnancy have increased.Indeed, the fact that many young women who are eligible for the grant are not receiving it should be of concern. In general, the CSG is associated with an increase in school attendance, and improved child health and nutrition, which in turn contributes to schoolreadiness of the child, as well as extra money to pa y for school fees and uniforms (Case, Hosegood Lund, 2005). The concern about the social cost of early reproduction through teen-aged mothers depending on welfare has also been criticised within the United States. Researchers compared teen-aged mothers with teenagers who were pregnant but had a miscarriage (i. e. ho would have been mothers had the miscarriage not occurred). Their conclusions are startling, given the usual assumption in the United States that early reproduction contributes to welfare dependency. They state that if all teenagers delayed childbearing, public assistance expenditure would increase slightly and that the lifetime earnings of these women would decrease (Hotz, McElroy Sander, 1996). CONTRIBUTING FACTORS While not all pregnancies amongst young women are unplanned, and not all unplanned pregnancies are unwanted, more young women find their pregnancies problematic than do women in their middle reproductive years.It is these young women specifically who should be assisted in terms of preventing unwanted pregnancies. An understanding of the contribu tory factors (which are complex and interweaving) is required for this to occur. Knowledge and sources of knowledge Within the context of HIV, much emphasis has been placed on education about condom usage. James, Reddy, Taylor and Jinabhai (2004) found that secondary school learners in the Midlands district of KwaZulu-Natal had a high level of knowledge regarding the causes of and protection against HIV/AIDS and STIs. In studies more directly related to contraception (e. . Oni, Prinsloo, Nortje, Joubert, 2005; Richter Mlambo, 2005), young people? s knowledge has been found to be variable, with some misconceptions abounding. For example, in Rutenberg et al.? s (2001) household survey in KwaZulu-Natal, few respondents (8%) knew about the menstrual cycle and the times a woman has the greatest chance of falling pregnant. This knowledge improved slightly with age. However, 80% of their sample knew that a woman could get pregnant if she had sex only once, almost all (99%) knew of at lea st one method of family planning, and 72% could name more than two.White respondents, urban African respondents and female respondents were more likely to know of more than one method than other respondents. Research on young people? s knowledge of emergency contraception is new. Indications are that this knowledge is quite poor. Mqhayi et al. (2004) found that only 17% of the young women they interviewed at urban and rural public health clinics had heard of emergency contraception, with significantly more urban-based women knowing of its existence than rurally-based women. These trends seem to mirror the knowledge of this kind of contraception in the general population (Smit et al. 2001). Macleod (1999b) noted that: There are a number of difficulties associated with the research which investigates the reproductive ignorance hypothesis. Firstly, the implied one-to-one correspondence between reproductive ignorance and teenage pregnancy is spurious. Obviously, a lack of sexual knowled ge is not a sufficient condition for conception, nor is it even necessary (p. 8). This is now recognised by researchers. For example, Ehlers? (2003a) survey suggests that young women in Tshwane know about contraceptives, but that this knowledge is not necessarily associated with effective usage. 5. 9% of the sample of pregnant young women knew of contraceptive methods but had still conceived. Abel and Fitzgerald (2006) argue that a rational, decision- making model regarding contraceptive usage, that equates knowledge with usage, ignores contextual issues which may prevent young women, especially, from negotiating condom usage. Young men and women are exposed to messages regarding sexuality and contraception from a variety of sources. These includ e elders, peers, the mass media, and formal, institutional sources uch as life skills programmes and family planning services. Parents are enjoined by a variety of sources to speak openly to their children about sexuality and to provide sex education. Ho wever, this may be an unrealistic expectation. Similar to the research reviewed in Macleod (1999b), recent research indicates that it is generally difficult for parents to engage in this kind of interaction with their children (Madu, Kropiunigg Weckenmann, 2002). Despite these barriers, a number of interventions, such as the PPASA? s parent education programmes and loveLife? Born Free dialogues, are aimed at parents to sensitise them to the need to speak with their children about sexual matters. What is becoming clear in the literature are the nuances of interaction between parents or elders and young women. MacPhail and Campbell? s (2001) research shows that while older women provide little or no information to young women, they will assist in taking a young woman to the family planning clinic. Although some young women are informed of a link between menstruation and pregnancy, their understanding of the nature of the association remains vague.Most often young women are admonished to stay away from boys, meaning that abstinence rather than contraception is emphasised. Adult surveillance may also actively impinge on contraceptive use. Information about youths? visits to family planning clinics, and about their suspected relationships and sexual activities is passed on to relevant others, who in turn reprimand the youth in question. As with research reported in Macleod (1999b), peers are found in recent research to be a frequent source of information (Rutenberg et al. , 2001).Again, however, peer communication is viewed as a double-edged sword. While some of their messages provide valuable information, some perpetuate the mystification and silence surrounding sexual matters. In contrast to research reviewed in Macleod (1999b), research in the last decade has concentrated more on the mass media, including magazines and radio and television broadcasts. This must be viewed in the light of recent efforts such as the sexual health campaign run by lov eLife. Research indicates that these media have reasonable reach ââ¬â about half the population (Rutenberg et al. 2001) ââ¬â although reception may be gendered, with more males than females being exposed to the messages (Oni et al. , 2005). Exposure to messages in the mass media has been positively associated with increased condom usage (Katz, 2006). Formal, institutional sources of knowledge, where operational, appear also to be effective in terms of imparting knowledge. For example, life skills education in schools has been shown to be of some benefit in terms of promoting sexual and reproductive health knowledge and perceived condom self-efficacy (Magnani et al. 2005). Nevertheless, there is still some way to go, and implementation appears to be uneven. For example, teenagers in Bushbuckridge, Limpopo, stated that they had not received school education that enabled them to understand sexual intercourse, sexually transmitted diseases, contraception, negotiation of sexual r elationships, and the difficulties of single parenthood (Richter Mlambo, 2005). Use of contraceptives It appears that some inroads are being made in terms of contraception use amongst teenagers.Moultrie and McGrath (2007) report from the Demographic Surveillance Site in rural KwaZulu-Natal that between 2000 and 2005 the proportion of young people who had e ver had sex remained relatively constant, but that contraceptive usage increased significantly. Simbayi, Chauveau and Shisana (2004) report a similar trend of increased contraceptive usage in their national survey as compared to findings from the 1990s. Dinkelman, Lam and Leibbrandt (2007) found a significant increase in condom usage and a decrease in multiple partners between 2002 and 2005 amongst women aged 17 to 22 years surveyed in the Cape Area Panel Study.Although contraception usage appears to be increasing, this varies considerably depending on a number of factors, including location and education. According to the 2003 S ADHS, women in rural areas and in the Eastern Cape and Mpumalanga, and those with lower levels of education, reported the lowest condom use. These trends are confirmed by Mqhayi et al.? s (2004) comparative study of rural and urban public health facility users, and by Kaufman, Clark, Manzini and May? s (2004) survey in KwaZulu-Natal.Factors that prevent the use of contraceptives that were reported in recent research are similar to those listed in Macleod (1999b). These include perceived lack of risk, peer norms, gender power relations (MacPhail Campbell, 2001), lack of availability and access, fear of adult attitudes to contraceptive usage, and the economic context of adolescent sexuality (Ehlers, 2003a). Research is beginning to tease out the nuances regarding contraceptive usage. For example, using condoms at sexual debut and speaking to partners about condoms have been reported as indicators of condom use at the respondents? ost recent sexual interaction (Hendriksen, Pettifor, L ee, Coates Rees, 2007), with one survey finding that younger respondents were less likely to speak to their partners than older ones (Manzini, 2001). Garenne et al.? s (2001) research in the Agincourt subdistrict of Limpopo Province shows that contraceptive usage increases significantly amongst young women after first birth. Data from the SADHS shows that youth are currently more willing to use contraceptives prior to first birth than previous cohorts of women. As indicated above, research on emergency contraceptives is new.I n the study by Mqhayi et al. (2004) only two out of 193 women had used emergency contraception, although 39% reported having had unprotected sex in the last year although they did not wish to conceive. Timing of first sexual intercourse and age of sexual partner The average age of sexual debut reported in recent research is somewhat older than that reported in Macleod (1999b), where the average reported age at first coitus was around 14 years. In the 2003 SADH S, the median age of first intercourse is reported consistently across all age groups to be around 18 years, in Pettifor et al.? (2005) nationally representative survey it is around 17 years, and in Simbayi, Chauveau and Shisana? s (2004) nationally representative survey, 16. 5 years. In the 1998 SADHS survey 46% of women reported that their first sexual encounter occurred before the age of 18. This percentage dropped to 42% in the 2003 SADHS survey, indicating a possible general trend in delaying first intercourse. Despite this, early sexual debut is a feature for a sizable minority of young teenagers. Factors affecting sexual debut, including education, provincial location, race, and orphan status, are elucidated more learly in recent research than in that reported in Macleod (1999b). According to the 2003 SADHS, there is a difference of one to three years in age at first sex between the lowest and highest education groups. The provinces reporting the lowest age of sexual debut ar e the Eastern Cape and Mpumalanga. The percentage of reported first sex by age 15 was lower among whites, Indians and coloureds than among Africans. Urban versus non-urban location did not make any difference. In a separate study, it was found that orphaned teenagers had an earlier sexual debut than non-orphans (Thurman, Brown, Richter, Maharaj Magnani, 2006).The age difference between partners and the possibility of transactional sex has gained more attention in recent research than was reported in Macleod (1999b). Jewkes, Vundule, Maforah and Jordaan (2001) report a mean difference of 5. 1 years in age between pregnant young women and their current partners in their sample of young women in Cape Town. This differed significantly from a comparison group of young women who were not pregnant, where the mean difference in age between partners was 4 years. Dunkle et al. (2007) report that 17. % of male participants in their study aged 15 to 26 admitted to engaging in transactional sex , and that a male partner was more likely to perpetrate genderbased violence within the context of a transactional sexual relationship. Factors affecting contraceptive use and risky sexual behaviour Macleod (1999b) reported that: The South African research on risk-taking behaviour is mostly descriptive in nature. Researchers in the United States have extended this to investigating the factors associated with risk-taking behaviour and to developing cognitively based theoretical models which may account for this behaviour in certain adolescents (p. 0). This has changed in the last 10 years with researchers analysing and theorising factors associated with sexual risk taking. This is possibly owing to the increased research into young people? s sexual behaviour in the light of the HIV epidemic. Brook, Morojele, Zhang and Brook (2006) researched the multiple pathways to risky sexual behaviour amongst young people through studying the relationship between what they call the proximal facto rs (personality, emotional status and behavioural tendencies), intermediate factors (parent-teenager relationship, peer influence) and distal factors (socioeconomic conditions).Their conclusion is complex, but illustrates the important role that poverty plays in sexual behaviour: The first pathway showed that poverty is related to a weak parent-child relationship, which in turn is related to vulnerable personality and behavioral attributes. Vulnerable personality and behavioural attributes are then observed to be related to associating with deviant peers, which in turn is related to risky sexual behaviour. The second pathway demonstrated that poverty is related to associating with deviant peers, which in turn is linked to vulnerable personality and behavioral attributes and risky sexual behaviour.A reciprocal relationship was observed between associating with deviant peers and having vulnerable personality and behavioural attributes. The third and fourth pathways show that family po verty and deviant peers are directly associated with risky sexual behaviours. â⬠¦ There was no direct link between personality and behavioral risk factors and risky sexual behavior, but we found that this relationship â⬠¦ was mediated by associating with deviant peers (p. 270).Researchers have used a range of social cognitive theories to explain sexual risk behaviour at a personal and interpersonal level amongst young people. For example, Jemmott et al. (2007) found that adolescents who had positive attitudes to condoms and positive behavioural control beliefs (i. e. believed they could use condoms effectively) had firmer intentions to use condoms than their peers. Bryan, Kagee and Broaddus (2006) found HIV knowledge and positive outlook (self-esteem and future optimism) to be associated with the intention to use condoms.The theory of planned behaviour holds that the intention to use condoms is the main determinant of actual use, an assertion that is supported by the researc h of Bryan, Kagee and Broaddus (2006). Boer and Mashamba (2007) found a gender difference in the psychosocial correlates of intention to use condoms. Among the males in their sample, attitude to condoms and subjective norms (perception of the normative beliefs of significant others and motivation to comply with these norms) were associated with intended condom use, while for females attitude to condom and self-efficacy were related to intended condom use.They relate this difference to the gender power imbalances prevalent in many young people? s lives, which means that young women need to have high levels of self-efficacy in order to negotiate condom use within a sexual relationship. S imilarly, Sayles et al. (2006) found that respondents with high self-efficacy engaged in fewer sexual risk behaviours. Perception of risk has been argued to play a role in sexual behaviour. It appears that the threat of contracting HIV is currently a significant factor in motivating young people to us e condoms (Varga, 2000).Despite this, the calculation of costs versus benefits may sway young people towards non-use of condoms. For some youth, decreased physical pleasure and fears of physical consequences (e. g. condom getting stuck in the womb) mitigates against consistent usage of condoms (James et al. , 2004; Varga, 2000). Beliefs concerning what using a condom means are also a factor. Young women? s carrying of condoms or insistence on their use during sex may be seen as a sign of promiscuity, infidelity, or HIV infection.This negativity does not extend to males (Varga, 2000). Harrison, Xaba and Kunene (2001) suggest that male youths understand condoms as something to be used within a casual relationship, while female youths see them as a signal of love and trustworthiness. Varga (2000), however, notes an overarching perception that condoms threaten trust and intimacy between partners. At an interpersonal level, messages from significant others and the ability of young people to negotiate with their partners about contraception have come under the spotlight.Boer and Westhoff (2006) indicate that communication concerning condoms is evident from both strong ties and weak ties within young people? s social networks. However, the level of positivity varied widely, with the most positive messages coming from teachers, mothers, and close friends, and negative messages coming from teachers propagating abstinence and from close friends. Their research indicates that young people tend to conform to messages (either positive or negative) if these messages are provided by strong social ties, but not if they are provided by weak social ties. Violent and coercive sexual relationshipsDunkle et al. (2004) found in their sample of women attending antenatal clinics in Soweto that over half of the women aged 15 to 30 had experienced physical and/or sexual violence from male intimate partners, with nearly one-third reporting incidences in the previous 12 months. Another s urvey, conducted by the PPASA in six provinces, found that 20% of teenaged females reported forced sexual encounters or had been sexually assaulted. While the research on violent and coercive sexual relations appeared in the review by Macleod (1999b), more is now understood concerning its relation to early sexual debut and early pregnancy.For example, Dunkle et al. (2004) found that the median age of first intercourse amongst their participants was 17 years. However, 97% of women who reported first intercourse before 13 years, and 26. 7% of those reporting at the ages of 13 and 14 years also reported non-consent to coitus. Data confirming forced or coerced sexual debut is provided by Rutenberg et al. (2001) and Jewkes and Abrahams (2002). Jewkes et al. (2001) found that the partners of pregnant young women in their sample were more likely to be older, to not be in school and to have multiple girlfriends than the partners of non-pregnant young women.The pregnant women experienced sig nificantly more violence in their relationships and were more likely to have been forced to have sex for the first time. Similar to research reported in Macleod (1999b), the gender dynamics underpinning coercive sex have received attention in recent research. Varga (2000) contends that gender ideology enforces double standards in behaviour and inhibits the ability of young women to negotiate with a partner. Constructions of masculinity in part rely on sexual performance, particularly the construction of isoka, a dominant and sexually vigorous version of masculinity.However, the threat of HIV seems to have diminished this norm, with young men reporting being more cautious than in previous studies. Jewkes and Christofides (2008) suggest that paternity is so important to masculinity, that some young men might actively seek an opportunity to father a child. Cultural factors Macleod (1999b) reported that the exploration of cultural factors in relation to teen-aged pregnancy fell into two broad camps ââ¬â the breakdown of tradition and the cultural value placed on fertility. The first of these has received less attention in the last 10 years.The practice of vaginal inspection, which was reported as one of the traditional practices that was being broken down, has, however, been debated. Recent initiatives have attempted to use this rite to promote abstinence from sexual intercourse and as a means of avoiding STIs and pregnancy. Maluleke (2003) argues that while there is reason to believe that the rite can be used to pass on valuable information regarding reproductive health to young women, it is a gendered cultural institution. The procedure is seen as demeaning to the women who are tested, and as a violation of personal privacy.There are also possible unintended outcomes, including older men seeking out younger women because of their potential virginity and low HIV risk status (Simbayi, Chauveau Shisana, 2004). The cultural value placed on fertility has receive d less attention, although PrestonWhyte (1999) and Jewkes and Christofides (2008) discuss the issue. They indicate that women of all ages in most African societies experience pressure to have children. Importance is placed on fertility and procreation, such that young women may be labelled as barren if they do not conceive. Pregnancy is understood as the epitome of womanhood.Childbirth may be regarded as a rite of passage, and thus raises the status of a young woman. Furthermore, pregnancy is valued by young African women for the meaning it imparts to re lationships. In the context of multiple relationships, an acknowledged pregnancy may strengthen bonds between partners. Health service provision Macleod (1999b) reported on research which found that access to service provision was difficult for young people. There seems to be some change in this, although there are still difficulties. The majority of participants in MacPhail and Campbell? (2001) research reported obtaining their con doms from the local clinic. In a national sample of adolescent mothers (Ehlers, 2003b), the majority reported waiting only 30 minutes to receive assistance at a family planning clinic, and 86% experienced nurses as being very helpful. The Department of Health? s National Adolescent Friendly Clinic Initiative (NAFCI) was begun in 1999 and works with service providers to improve the quality of health care for young people. Research has identified changes in the perceptions of youth when a clinic has received NAFCI support (Dickson, Ashton Smith, 2007).However, this is not universal and access to condoms is especially difficult for young women who have to negotiate the negative attitudes of nurses at some local clinics (MacPhail Campbell, 2001). CONCLUSION A number of shifts in focus with regards to research on the consequences and contributory factors of teen-aged pregnancy are evident in this review. Researchers no longer pontificate about the obstetric outcomes of teen-aged pregna ncy, but rather concentrate on the services that are provided to young women.The mothering capabilities of young women do not feature as a research question, although (contradictory) data on infant and child mortality rates are available. Relationship difficulties with family of origin and partner, which were reported on in Macleod (1999a) are no longer really an issue. Demographic concerns have disappeared from the radar screen, but welfare concerns have emerged with the introduction of the CSG. Disruption of schooling remains a topic of debate with respect to the outcomes of early pregnancy. Reproductive knowledge, the source of knowledge, sexual debut and the use of contraceptives remain as central points of focus.Researchers seem to have lost interest in expounding early menarche, psychological problems, family structure, and peer influence as contributory factors, all factors that featured in the research reported in Macleod (1999b). Coercive sex and cultural issues remain of i nterest to researchers, although more nuance is evident in the former and less in the latter. The level of health service provision, as a contributory factor, continues to be an important area of focus. In general, we feel that the quality, depth and breadth of the research have improved over the last ten years.This is as a result of (1) the nationally representative as well as localised health surveys being conducted, (2) researchers? teasing out of the nuances surrounding particular issues (such as school return; CSG; interactions between young people and elders around sexual issues, condom usage, and coercive sex) and (3) increased levels of theorising around particular issues. The data that we have access to and the engagement of researchers with the complexities of issues arguably provides a much better basis for thinking through, planning and implementing interventions. Teenage Pregnancy Essay Example Teenage Pregnancy Essay Teenage Pregnancy Essay Essay Topic: Teenage Pregnancy The problem of teenage pregnancy is usually seen as a controversial issue, which affects not just the mother and her child but society as a whole. Teenage pregnancy happens among women under age 20. This problem is not limited to culture, religion, education or moral values and beliefs. Here are some facts: Every year almost a million teenage girls become pregnant. The U. S. A has double the adolescent pregnancy and birth rates than any industrialized country. One- third of the girls who became pregnant as teenagers keep their babies (Teenage pregnancy, Robert T. Brown, 2002). What are the causes of teenage pregnancy? What do parents do wrong? In this essay, I would like to present some of the causes and effects of teenage pregnancy. There are three main factors that have an influence on teenage pregnancy: media, family and wanted pregnancy. The Media is one of the factors that could diminish the sexual risk that adolescents take. However, a lot of advertisement and entertainment are obsessed with sex but they usually do not show the negative consequences of sex. People on TV or movies are depicted as having sex without consequences, which leads to young people thinking that sex is safe and they do not have to worry about the consequences of their acts. Family is the most important thing for many people. But in the last decade, people started to spend most of their time at work. As a result of this change they do not have time for their children. The absence of communication leads to loneliness and unhappiness in their children. They do not feel loved so they start looking for love somewhere else. Many of the adolescents are not particularly developed to make decisions based on reasoned understanding of the future consequences of their actions. This is called immaturity (Teenage pregnancy, Robert T. Brown, 2002) Young people also have a feeling of being protected from risky behaviour. They hope that anything bad will not happen to them. This personal myth leads to unprotected sexual activity, with all itââ¬â¢s consequences. (Teenage pregnancy, Robert T. Brown, 2002)Girls in teen age are more sensitive about things that are happening around them. They often feel lonely and upset. Low self-system is often connected with depression. This may lead to sexual activity, alcoholism or drug addiction. Girls who grow up without father have a tendency to look for older man who can give them the feeling of being loved and protected. Teenage pregnancy, Robert T. Brown, 2002)Wanted pregnancy is a special type of teen pregnancy. Girls become pregnant because they really want to. They want to make their partners happy or they expect that the baby will give them love. Other girls see peers in their social circles having a baby. And because the government contributes certain amounts of money f or children, they can see the material benefit for themselves and their families (Teenage pregnancy, Robert T. Brown, 2002)The effects of teenage pregnancy are not limited to having to decide whether or not to keep the baby. The pregnancy influences society, the motherââ¬â¢s health, finances and emotions. One of the biggest problem are finances: Most working mothers who have had children too early are not qualified enough to get a better paying job. The amount of money they earn is sufficient only for survival. It leads to cheap, unhealthy food, unsanitary houses and poorly equipped school for children and defective medical care. A single mother is also forced to pay bills and utilities as others but in her case it is a big problem. Inability to support her child and pay bills causes physical and mental stress. Dealing with an unplanned pregnancy has a great impact on a girlââ¬â¢s psyche and emotions. It is not just about changes in her body: there are other factors which a teenage mother has to deal with. This includes frustration, initial excitement, fear, resentment or confusion. Young mothers become overwhelmed with the pressure of supporting their children financially. Children suffer for the mistakes of their parents. Children raised by teenage parents start their lives with a handicap. They are automatically placed in the lower class. Children become lonely and confused. Many of these children end up having their own children at an early age. Because of poor education they end up in dead-end jobs, jail or joblessness. (The effects of teen pregnancy on children, Waltohar)In developed countries, teenage pregnancy usually happens outside of marriage, and for this reason it is viewed as a social stigma in many communities and cultures. By contrast, in societies were teen parents are wed pregnancy is welcomed by the family and society. However, in these societies, early pregnancy may combine with malnutrition and poor health care to cause medical problems (Teenage pregnancy, Wikipedia 2006)The most immediate effects of pregnancy are changes in the body. A teenââ¬â¢s body immediately starts the process of adaptation and for preparation for childbirth. A teenager needs to consider the effects of activities on a baby. Because activities common for teenagers, such as drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, lack of sleep or unhealthy eating can have an impact on a growing child. Complications in pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of mortality among young girls. There are several factors which could help to solve this problem. Sexual education can teach effective contraception if teenagers choose to have a sex. It educates people about the risks of alcohol, drugs and unprotected sex. In my opinion, however, the most important thing is that parents should realize that they provide for young people during their teen years and that they should find time for talk with their children. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-11676034204083110492020-02-23T22:52:00.001-08:002020-02-23T22:52:02.382-08:00What mitigating factors contribute to juveniles being charged as Research PaperWhat mitigating factors contribute to juveniles being charged as adults - Research Paper Example 15-16). This procedure is based on the assumption that juveniles require help and reformation to grow into responsible citizens of the country and must receive such assistance instead of punishment. This is also because children or young adults will lose highly valuable time that they could have been spending in gaining a proper education and other healthy activities essential for their future livelihood serving prison time. Hence, under such circumstances, juveniles are given shorter prison terms or more flexible punishments compared to adults who are held fully accountable for their actions and crimes and are kept in proper state prisons rather than rehabilitation centers (Torbet, pp. 20-22). Moreover, adult prisons may have certain problems within them, which include sexual offences, use of drugs, harsh treatment, and exposure to many evils in society, which is not a suitable environment for someone of a tender age. It is likely to do them more harm than good to expose them to such aspects of adult prisons and allow them full interaction with adult prisoners that are likely to have a highly negative impact upon their unripe brains and personalities. Juveniles who are exposed to such aspects may receive psychological shock or may be fully harassed in adult prisons, which would completely ruin their chances at a normal life in the future. Usually, juveniles receive less punishment for smaller crimes such as theft or use of drugs and other such offenses. They usually confront punishments, such as community service, attendance of rehabilitation centers, or sent to juvenile delinquent prisons for a short period. They may also undergo periods of probation or other terms to serve sentences or to report their progress as responsible citizens of the country (Steinberg & Scott, pp. 1009-1013). While such procedures are encouraged to promote future well-being of the child/young adult and to give them a fair opportunity at living normal and healthy Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-5151807276220404322020-02-08T04:07:00.001-08:002020-02-08T04:07:02.650-08:00Are You Studying Hard?Are You Studying Hard?It is possible to get a Bachelors degree without doing research papers. Sometimes, it can be pretty tough. You may not feel you are as academically gifted as your friends and family members think but do not worry.In the past, only those with doctorates had the privilege of studying. Nowadays, even high school graduates can get their diploma with relative ease. How does one get there?The answer is in the free online degrees offered by colleges. These degrees come in all types and degrees like teaching degree, administrative degree, English degree, nursing degree, legal degree, etc.By getting an online master's degree, you can get more time to work on your studies and prepare for a bachelor's degree. Online Masters Degree is a full-time program and it allows you to earn the same salary that you would normally receive after getting a bachelor's degree.A college that offers an online program will provide you with a certificate or diploma after completing the course. There are several other benefits in getting a Masters Degree. One is the ability to save money by working less hours.Another thing that makes getting an online degree so much better is that it can be done from the comfort of your home. You do not have to go through those long nights, when you have to get up early and get ready for your classes. You also have the freedom to travel without being caught in any of the long commutes. You can spend more time with your family, get a job, and start paying for that financial aid you were waiting for.So if you want to get a Bachelors degree, make sure that you get the right online degree program for you. If you can afford it, you can take classes from home, so make sure that you research thoroughly before signing up for a class. Look for a school that offers a solid curriculum that can give you the credit you need for the Master's degree you are working towards. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-39395457388435011612020-02-07T15:39:00.001-08:002020-02-07T15:39:04.327-08:00Letter From a Birmingham Jail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsLetter From a Birmingham Jail - Essay Example The author actually directed the letter to the members of the clergy and since it was deemed published in totality, the target audience for this particular discourse is the white moderate population, who were deemed indifferent. The white moderate segment of society was noted to have preferred the status quo or retaining order and keeping their stance as observers rather than stir the social condition to attain justice for the blacks. One is firmly convinced that his nonviolent strategies should therefore be directed to the white moderate segment of society through the creation of tension and intervention that would force this segment to move and openly profess that his advocacies are better than just being mere spectators and preserving order. The letter should have been directly addressed to the white moderate segment of the population to entice them to change their indifferent stance and enjoin them to support the elimination of prejudice and discrimination that has long been dire cted to the African Americans. The letter was addressed to fellow clergymen and was written in response to a supposed remark that classified Martin Luther Kingââ¬â¢s (MLK) activities as allegedly untimely and unwise. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-59885369400306015772020-02-06T03:29:00.001-08:002020-02-06T03:29:03.197-08:00Why Nobody Is Discussing Topics to Write My Research Paper on and What You Should Do Right Now About It Why Nobody Is Discussing Topics to Write My Research Paper on and What You Should Do Right Now About It The Do's and Don'ts of Topics to Write My Research Paper on Citations and extracts from assorted sources have to be formatted properly. You will also want to choose topics that you may easily find information on using many source materials. When you have studied the procedure of writing LaTeX tables yourself, it'll be intuitive that you write expert superior latex tables. Topics to Write My Research Paper on Fundamentals Explained Prior to getting to purchase term paper writing service, you've got to check more on the topic of the business's credentials. 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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5520961469953029304.post-2154809972877790902020-02-05T05:39:00.001-08:002020-02-05T05:39:04.715-08:00What Everybody Else Does When It Comes to Research Paper Topics on Unemployment and What You Should Be Doing Different What Everybody Else Does When It Comes to Research Paper Topics on Unemployment and What You Should Be Doing Different The Basic Principles of Research Paper Topics on Unemployment You Can Benefit From Beginning Today Employment research paper are some workers. Social and political problem it has endangered the security of the nation. Research articles on unemployment may also be obtained in libraries. Total employment became an important use of the state politics in the united states. With this job, it is going to serve you best if you did some great research first. 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Before you commence writing a single word of your paper, you first will need to understand what your thesis will be. Attempt not to make this section of your essay too long. Consequently, poverty is a huge danger to the state. The issue of unemployment is becoming increasingly more serious with every new calendar year, because the population constantly rises and the employers find it impossible to create enough workplaces to fulfill the requirements of everyone. The unemployment rate thus isn't an indicator of the proportion of people of working age who don't have jobs. The present rate of employment is high and the financial situation is unstable all around the world. Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06181659381765662401noreply@blogger.com0